| Since the beginning of the 21 st century,the problems and contradictions accumulated by the rapid growth of agriculture at the expense of resources and environment for a long time have come to the fore one after another,and the sustainable development of agriculture in China is facing major challenges.Sustainable intensification technologies have received widespread attention from scholars and policy makers for their characteristics of effectively combining the benefits of agricultural production,environmental protection and sustainable development goals.Accordingly,this paper systematically studies the diffusion and adoption of sustainable intensification technologies in agricultural science and technology parks from the perspective of combining spatial and behavioral analyses,with the aim of providing theoretical and practical support for sustainable agricultural development in China.Firstly,the system and analytical framework of sustainable intensive technology diffusion and adoption are constructed by drawing on the relevant theories of economic geography,behavioral geography and agricultural economics;secondly,the system of apple dwarf anvil technology diffusion and adoption in Yangling agricultural science and technology park is constructed and verified whether it exists in reality;thirdly,the spatial diffusion law of apple dwarf anvil technology in heterogeneous environment is studied from the spatial perspective,and the behavioral perspective is Finally,based on the revelation of the spatial diffusion law and the mechanism of the adoption behavior of new business entities,countermeasures and suggestions to improve the efficiency of sustainable and intensive technology diffusion and adoption are proposed.The main research contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows.(1)The system and analytical framework for the diffusion and adoption of sustainable intensive technologies in agriculture is constructed.Based on the theory of spatial diffusion in economic geography and the theory of farmers' behavior in agricultural economics,the system of sustainable and intensive technology diffusion and adoption is constructed with the agricultural science and technology park as the source of diffusion,sustainable and intensive technology as the representative,new business entities as the technology adopters,the natural,social,economic and cultural environment of a specific region as the support,the technology "potential difference" as the driving force,and the flow of information and materials as the condition.The system of sustainable intensive technology diffusion and adoption with the circulation of information and materials as the condition.On this basis,the analytical framework of technology diffusion and adoption is constructed,and on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of the diffusion environment,the non-homogeneous spatial diffusion equation is introduced to study the spatial diffusion law;the adoption of apple dwarf anvil technology by new business entities is regarded as the behavior of "technology information acquisition-adoption intention formation-adoption decision".The adoption of apple dwarf anvil technology by new business entities is regarded as a behavioral process of "technology information acquisition-adoption intention formation-adoption decision",and this behavioral process is analyzed in depth.(2)The system of apple dwarf anvil technologies diffusion and adoption in Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology Park was constructed and verified.A diffusion and adoption system with Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology Park as the source of technology diffusion,apple dwarf anvil technologies as the core,the main apple production area in the Loess Plateau as the diffusion area,and six counties including Qianxian,Qianyang,Baishui,Fengxiang,Luochuan and Huanglong counties as the typical research areas,and new business entities as apple dwarf anvil technologies adopters was constructed.By identifying and analyzing the technology sources and preferences of new business entities and their technology information linkage with Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology Park,as well as analyzing the impact of technology information linkage on technology information acquisition and technology adoption,the realistic existence of a typical sustainable intensive technology diffusion and adoption system in the agricultural science and technology park was verified.(3)The spatial diffusion pattern of apple dwarf anvil technology in Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology Park under heterogeneous environment was revealed.The results show that the technology diffusion environment in the main apple producing areas of the Loess Plateau exhibits strong spatial heterogeneity,which is mainly caused by structural factors such as climate,topography,and external transportation links;the apple dwarf anvil technology in the park exhibits a spatial diffusion pattern dominated by extended diffusion and supplemented by band diffusion and hierarchical diffusion in the main apple producing areas of the Loess Plateau.Under the condition that the quality of diffusion environment remains unchanged,the diffusion probability of technology decreases with the increase of distance,and diffusion exhibits a strong distance decay effect;the degree of decay of diffusion probability decreases with the improvement of diffusion environment quality,and the improvement of diffusion environment can weaken the decay effect of distance.(4)A framework was established to analyze the factors influencing the acquisition of technical information of apple dwarf anvil by new business entities based on rational smallholder theory and social network theory,and the effects of extension services,social network,technology sources and socioeconomic factors on the acquisition of technical information were examined using Tobit model and CLAD model.The results showed that extension intensity,extension quality and technical information linkage with Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology Park all significantly and positively influenced the technical information acquisition of new business entities;social network scale and weak social linkage significantly promoted the technical information acquisition of new business entities,while social network density and strong social linkage significantly inhibited the technical information acquisition of new business entities;public extension sources and mass media sources significantly and positively influenced the technical information acquisition.The higher the education level of the person in charge of the new business entity,the more opportunities he or she has to obtain technical information,and the access to credit helps to improve the access to technical information of the new business entity;the influence of the age of the person in charge,resource endowment and business scale on the access to technical information of the new business entity is not significant.The effect of age,resource endowment and business scale on the access to technical information of new business entities is not significant.(5)Integrating technology-organization-environment theory and innovation diffusion theory,we constructed an analytical model of the factors influencing the adoption of apple dwarf anvil technology in new business entities,and used structural equation modeling to verify the paths and magnitudes of the effects of technology,organization and environmental factors on technology adoption intention and technology adoption decision.The results showed that among all the factors influencing the adoption of apple dwarf anvil technology,regional agroecological conditions had the greatest influence on adoption intention and adoption decision;relative advantage,perceived barriers,and agricultural extension services had significant effects on adoption intention and adoption decision,but their effects were smaller in the adoption intention stage than in the adoption decision stage;management ability and risk coping ability had no effect on adoption intention,while they had a positive effect on adoption decision.There is no effect of management capacity and risk coping ability on adoption intention,but a significant positive effect on adoption decision;there is no effect of organization size on adoption intention and adoption decision;there is a significant positive effect of adoption intention on adoption decision.(6)Based on the results of the spatial diffusion law and the mechanism of technology adoption behavior,countermeasures to improve the efficiency of sustainable intensive technology diffusion and adoption are proposed in terms of technology diffusion path optimization and technology adoption behavior intervention.In terms of technology diffusion path optimization: the technology diffusion environment should be improved through the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities,improving labor quality and enhancing the convenience of information access,etc.;attention should be paid to regions where the hierarchical effect occurs,and the radiation-driven scope of agricultural science and technology parks should be expanded through the construction of experimental demonstration stations in such regions,etc.;attention should be paid to regions with backward transportation infrastructure,and the balanced development of technology diffusion in agricultural science and technology parks should be promoted through the enhancement of transportation accessibility.The balanced development of technology diffusion in agricultural science and technology parks should be promoted by improving accessibility.In terms of technology adoption behavior intervention: we should implement technology diffusion strategies oriented to operators' needs;establish technology diffusion models in agricultural science and technology parks with new business entities as intermediaries;pay attention to the suitability of sustainable and intensive technologies in the promoted regions;and develop targeted technology diffusion programs for potential adopters. |
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