The Inpact Of Infrastructure On Industrial Spatial Agglomeration

Infrastructure construction is important force to promote industrial development and opening up in China.They are also important means to narrow the gap in regional economic development.Since the reform and opening up,China's infrastructure construction has been accelerating and has made great achievements.China's foreign trade openness has been continuously improving,and its industry's international competitiveness has been increasing.Perfect infrastructure is the basis of China's rapid economic growth and opening up.Perfect infrastructure promotes the development level of local industries and the comprehensive competitiveness of the country.Higher level of trade openness has laid the foundation for China's participation in the global economy and integration into the international division of labor,and effectively improved the level of regional specialization and enterprise productivity.It is worth noting that with the improvement of trade openness,industrial spatial agglomeration has become a typical phenomenon in the process of China's economic development.With the advantage of population and location,China's coastal areas have actively utilized the national gradual opening-up strategy and attracted a large number of capital and labor factors.Under international division of labor and industrial linkage,coastal areas have become the main areas of industrial agglomeration in China,and the level of local economic development has been rapidly improved;while inland areas are facing the development dilemma of industrial loss due to their geographical disadvantages.The unbalanced spatial distribution of industries has become the main reason for the widening gap between coastal and inland regional economic development in China.In this context,the need for inland areas to change their development disadvantage through infrastructure construction and expansion of opening-up has become increasingly urgent.However,infrastructure construction has obvious factor transfer effect while supporting the development of local industry under the condition of open economy.Can large-scale infrastructure construction promote balanced industrial distribution? What are the mechanisms of trade opening conditions and infrastructure on regional industrial agglomeration? The above problems deserve further analysis.Based on the above analysis,this paper will focus on the impact of infrastructure construction and trade openness on China's industrial spatial agglomeration.This paper will be explained from the following six chapters.The third chapter analyzes the status quo and motivation of China's industrial space agglomeration.In this part,through comparative analysis of the existing industrial agglomeration indicators,the classic industrial spatial agglomeration index is selected to compare and analyze the industrial agglomeration trend of the manufacturing industry;the micro-enterprise database is used according to different perspectives and methods to calculate the regional industry from the perspective of industry and city.Based on the regional industrial agglomeration index,this part empirically studies the motivation of industrial agglomeration based on the theory of enterprise location in space economics,and uses the variance decomposition method to test the importance of different agglomeration drivers.The relevant results show that the level of China's industrial agglomeration is still in a rising stage from both industrial and regional perspectives.The factors of labor cost,economies of scale and proximity to large markets emphasized by space economics are still the main factors affecting industrial agglomeration;Moreover,The impact of international trade levels and human capital levels on industrial agglomeration is also growing.The fourth chapter focuses on the influence of geographical location and international trade on industrial distribution.The current situation of China's industrial spatial distribution shows that there is a huge gap in industrial agglomeration between coastal and inland areas that become a hot spot of academic attention.Traditional trade theory pays more attention to the two-way interaction between trade and industrial agglomeration,and ignores the impact of the geographical location of the next country on the industrial distribution.This section empirically studies the impact of geographical distance,industrial export income ratio on regional specialization and industrial agglomeration by collecting geographic distance indicators at the city level and industrial enterprise database to form panel data of the industrial level.The results show that the higher the export income ratio,the more sensitive the geographical distance is to the industry.With the decline of the distance from the international market,the employment and investment level of the open industry continue to increase,and the industrial absorption and concentration of the coastal areas are stronger.In the case of large developing countries,the huge differences in internal geographic location make the integration of different regions into global economic integration different.International trade will lead to two different economic development models: outward and relative closure within a country.The fifth chapter of the thesis begins with the traditional economic infrastructure,focusing on the impact of urban transportation infrastructure and international trade level on the location of manufacturing enterprises.If the construction of transportation infrastructure can change the imbalance of industrial distribution brought about by geographical differences under the open economy conditions of the distance between the coastal and inland areas from the international market and the level of opening to the outside world significantly affect the level of regional industrial agglomeration evidently.This section begins with an analysis of the impact of the entry and exit of the enterprise from the perspective of local infrastructure.The empirical part uses highway mileage,density and quality indicators to measure the regional transportation infrastructure level,and combines the export income ratio data of urban and industrial levels to compare and analyze the impact of regional highway construction and export revenue ratio on industrial layout.The study found that the increase of regional highway density and the ratio of industrial export income is conducive to attracting enterprises to attract enterprises to improve their industrial cohesion.The regression results of regional industrial export income ratio are more consistent than the infrastructure indicators,indicating that the regional opening up level is improved.The influence of specialization and industrial agglomeration is more stable,and the increase in road density under the conditions of opening trade will strengthen regional industrial agglomeration.This part also uses the value-added tax and labor-output ratio indicators of the industrial enterprise database as the standard to classify and regress the data samples.Finally I finds that the impact of highway density increase on industrial site selection is not the same for samples with different quantiles.The construction of highway infrastructure has little effect on the location of “good enterprises” with high taxation and output efficiency.On the contrary,the increase of highway density is more conducive to attracting “poor enterprises” with low tax credits and low labor output efficiency.In different samples,the impact of the opening up of regional industries on the location and industrial distribution of enterprises has always been significantly positive.The sixth chapter focuses on the impact of high-speed rail network on industrial spatial agglomeration from the perspective of transportation infrastructure network,and take the advantage of the central periphery theory analyzes the differential impact of network-based transportation infrastructure on industrial distribution.This part elaborates the labor transfer effect of the transportation infrastructure network by constructing a theoretical model,and points out that the skilled labor transfer and its spillover effect can affect the regional industrial agglomeration level.In terms of empirical analysis,this part uses the double-difference model to test the industrial agglomeration effect of the high-speed rail network by constructing the panel data of the industrial level of the city.The results show that the opening of high-speed rail significantly reduces the industrial agglomeration of non-central cities in the region and strengthens the industrial agglomeration of central cities.In terms of industries,the high-speed rail network is more concentrated in the manufacturing industry than the service industry,and the impact of labor transfer on the manufacturing industry concentrated is also stronger than the service industry;In the view of difference regions,for the coastal areas with higher level of opening up,the high-speed rail opening can increase the industrial concentration of non-central cities;On the contrary,for the inland areas with lower open levels,the high-speed rail is opened significantly.The degree of industrial agglomeration of regional non-central cities is reduced;the industrial distribution effect of high-speed rail network may aggravate the industrial development gap between regional central cities and peripheral cities,and the inland areas face the risk of further decline in economic agglomeration and hollowing out of industrial development during the trend of labor outflow.The seventh chapter introduces the concept of social infrastructure under the framework of traditional economic infrastructure research,focusing on the impact of regional education supply level on the binary margin of enterprise export,exploring and analyzing the influence of social infrastructure on regional international trade level and export enterprises entry and exit.Based on the theory of enterprise heterogeneous trade,this part uses Heckman's two-stage method to empirically analyze the promotion effect of regional education level on corporate export behavior by matching Chinese industrial enterprise database and regional education development index data,and analysis different types of education indicators separately.The study found that the level of regional education has a significant effect on the export behavior of enterprises through the impact of trade costs,and at the same time has an impact on whether enterprises enter the export industry,but the marginal and intensive marginal effects of export expansion are different;The impact on the export of enterprises in different regions is different.The positive impact of education level on the export behavior of enterprises in the eastern region is greater than that in the central and western regions.The education level at different levels has different effects on the export of industrial enterprises.The impact of vocational education on labor-intensive industries is relatively the largest.The intensive margin of higher education exports to enterprises is greater than the margin of expansion.The eighth chapter of the thesis,under the framework of the social infrastructure concept defined by the World Bank,specifically studies the impact of regional education level on industrial spatial agglomeration under the conditions of trade openness.This chapter draws on the mediation effect model to analyze the direct impact of regional international trade level on industrial agglomeration and the indirect impact mechanism of education level on industrial distribution.Based on the theory of enterprise location in the new economic geography,this part make use of the human capital factor to analyze the impact of regional education level on international trade and industrial distribution,and empirically analyzes the industrial distribution effect of education supply by combining economic development indicators and educational indicators at the provincial level.The results show that the degree of trade openness has a significant impact on the level of education in the region.The level of education investment in the regions with developed export trade is relatively high.The opening of trade may cause the gap between the regional education level and the stock of human capital.The average years of education on the region has a negative and indirect impact on the industrial agglomeration of manufacturing industry,which indicated that China's manufacturing industry has little demand for high-skilled talents with long years of education.The educational technology capacity measured by regional patent applications has a positive and indirect impact on industrial agglomeration.The distribution of manufacturing industries under trade open conditions will be affected by the level of regional education;the level of trade openness in the coastal areas will promote the industrial agglomeration more,and the mediation effect of the regional education level will be greater.The higher the level of openness,the higher the level of education,and the greater the indirect effect of education on manufacturing agglomeration.After studying the classification of infrastructure,the paper finds that economic infrastructure and social infrastructure have different effects on regional economic development and industrial agglomeration.The impact mechanism of different types of infrastructure on international trade and industrial distribution can be accurately grasped based on the in-depth analysis of the industrial distribution effect of infrastructure requires a detailed analysis of the function,type,and positioning of infrastructure.The industrial distribution effect of transportation infrastructure is more complicate under the conditions of open trade.The local transportation infrastructure supply is conducive to reducing the production cost and labor cost of the enterprise,and enhancing the urban agglomeration through technology spillover;while the regional transportation network construction mainly promotes regional economic integration and regional externalization by reducing trade costs and weakening the boundary effect.On the other hand,its impact on regional industrial agglomeration needs to be judged comprehensively based on the game of urban agglomeration and dispersion.The supply of social infrastructure such as education and technology has a long-term role in promoting regional economic development,but the characteristics of social service products make it difficult to directly measure social infrastructure.The supply of educational infrastructure affects the distribution and development of the industry through various channels such as the level of human capital,the level of scientific and technological development,and the cost of trade.At the same time,the improvement of education level can also promote the improvement of regional trade openness by affecting labor costs and production efficiency.The local governments should pay attention to the promotion of social infrastructure to the opening up of the region and industrial development.In the future,under the development strategy of China's comprehensive opening up to the world,the depth and breadth of participation in international trade and division of labor will continue to expand.Local governments should rationally arrange infrastructure investment according to their position in the national strategy.In terms of transportation infrastructure,local governments should pay attention to the connection between local transportation infrastructure construction and the national transportation network.In terms of education supply,the government should provide more high-quality education services in line with national industrial development requirements to promote regional human capital level improvement and industrial transformation and upgrading.