| Poverty is a severe challenge facing the world today and plagues human development.Poverty eradication has increasingly become the goal and ideal of the world.The first goal in The 2020 Agenda for Sustainable Development,which is adopted by the General Assembly's 70th Session and is composed of 17 Sustainable Development Goals with 169 associated targets to wipe out poverty,is to end poverty in all its forms everywhere.For developing countries,poverty is a significant barrier to achieving sustainable development.As a developing country with the biggest population,China has continuously intensified policies support for poverty alleviation since the Reform and Opening and has shrunk the spatial distribution of poverty to partial areas.However,poverty is still one of the major problems China is faced with in the process of its economic and social development and is a stumbling block to economic development,social stability and environmental protection.The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China declared to ensure and improve people's living standard and resolutely win the battle against poverty,which refers to solving the problem of poverty is an inevitable choice for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a harmonious socialist society.Poverty is a comprehensive problem with conducting multidisciplinary research.For the past few years,some researchers applied space to the studies on spatial poverty,resulting in the formation of spatial poverty theory and geography of poverty.The objectives of spatial poverty theory are the spatial distribution of poverty and its relationship with the geographic environment.In addition to economic and social aspects,including the effect of the physical environment on poverty in the evaluation system is another progress in poverty study after traditional poverty and multidimensional poverty.Spatial poverty is a process of long-term change,and poverty assessment is the foundation of both spatial poverty research and policy-making for poverty alleviation.Mapping poverty is the most important outcome of spatial poverty,which can visualize the complicated relationship between poverty and geographic capital.The ultimate aim of spatial poverty study is developing poverty reduction strategy.The spatial poverty issues have become a hot topic in both the international community and scientific community for several years,while there is a little relevant study in China.By reviewing the literature in poverty assessment in China,it was found that the concentrations on the index system of geographic capital at village level are more than at a province level,the absences of a multidimensional assessment system composed of economic,social and environment/ecology perspectives and a set of impersonal,normative,and effective assessment mechanism are the main issues.Based on spatial poverty theory,man-land relationship theory,and spatial economy theory,this thesis is conducted from a geographic capital perspective.Combining the spatial and statistical data related to physical geographic and human capital,factors that represent regional poverty attributes are selected.Taking Hubei Province as the case and county area as study units,indicator system and assessment model of spatial poverty are constructed on the basis of the geographic capital system.And then the differentiation pattern of spatial poverty of the 103 counties in Hubei Province is comprehensively examined by using quantitative methods and spatial analysis.Revealing the regulation of pattern and its geographic mechanism of spatial poverty,which can be helpful in drawing up targeted strategy of poverty reduction and providing references for poverty alleviation and relevant development planning.This thesis is divided into 9 chapters as follows:Chapter one to three focus on the introduction of research basis related to this thesis,including theories,methods and data resources.After the interpretation of research background and significance,this part comprehensively overviews the abroad and domestic research advances of theories and methods of spatial poverty,spatial poverty traps,poverty mapping,and policies of spatial poverty,followed by the objectives,contents,approaches,and technology road map of this thesis.The fundamental information of the study area,Hubei Province,is also be introduced in this part composed of physical,economic,and social aspects,which suggests the typicality and representativeness of Hubei Province.Furthermore,the analysis scale and data resources,data processing and construction of database are provided.Chapter four constructs an indicator system and assessment model for spatial poverty,which intends to provide assessment foundation for empirical research.According to basic principles of indicator selection,an assessment indicator system composed of 2 types of geographic capital with 6 dimensions and 25 indicators is constructed,which seeks to examine the situation of spatial poverty in Hubei Provincial in a proper way.Then,in order to examine the spatial poverty of Hubei Province from a quantitative,objective and comprehensive perspective,a comprehensive assessment model called Spatial Poverty Index(SPI)is constructed on the base of entropy weight TOPSIS model.Chapter five and six analyze the characteristic of the differentiation pattern of spatial poverty and its mechanism in Hubei Province.The pattern analysis for spatial poverty of Hubei Province is divided into heterogeneity pattern and relatedness pattern.Following Spatial poverty Index of the county units,the spatial poverty map is formed by applying ArcGIS software.And then divide the spatial poverty into five territory types,followed by spatial difference and its structure.The characteristics and mechanism of differentiation pattern of spatial poverty are also explored.Use Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA)tool with OpenGeoDa software to explore the spatial dependence of which poverty level on space and its spatial distribution pattern from three aspects,including global autocorrelation,local autocorrelation and Getis-Ord Gi*index.Chapter seven focuses on the spatial poverty traps on Hubei Province and proposes strategy for poverty reduction.Firstly it examines the poverty contribution model,and then summarizes the dominant factors that cause spatial poverty traps,lastly reveals the mechanism of differentiation pattern of spatial poverty and its relationship with geographic capital factors.Chapter eight proposes strategy of spatial poverty reduction for Hubei Province,which is the ultimate aim of spatial poverty research.By reviewing the policies of poverty alleviation of Hubei Province since the founding of New China and the results of the empirical study of Hubei Province,this chapter develops several practical and feasible suggestions for solving the problem of spatial poverty.Chapter nine includes conclusions and future research recommendations.This chapter draws main conclusions and innovations of this thesis,while putting forward the deficiencies of this study and recommendations for future research.The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows:(1)There are significant characteristics of spatial differentiation and structural differentiation of spatial poverty of Hubei Province.The difference in levels of spatial poverty between study units is also significant.(2)The pattern of spatial poverty in Hubei Province shows significant spatial dependency.As a result of the coupling effects of physical and human geographic,neighboring regions present similar spatial relevance.(3)It is the coupling effects of several factors that led to the spatial poverty of Hubei Province.More specifically,the dominants of spatial poverty of Hubei Province are not general factors like economic constraints,while the lack of physical and social geographic capital is the main reason that causes the spatial poverty traps in Hubei Province.(4)Factors contributing to spatial poverty have a significant difference between regions.Contribution from factors of resources and environments play a more prominent role as the poverty level enhances from low to high.The effects of topography and geomorphology,weather and climate factors are gradually increasing,while the social capital and economic capital counterparts are gradually decreasing in causing poverty and reducing poverty aspects respectively.In addition,the contribution to the poverty of spatial poverty indicators is the difference between regions.Generally,the impact of human geographic indicators weakens when the physical counterparts become dominants.(5)The study aims at investigating "physical geographic capital,human geographic capital,and five types of poor regions",which provides scientific basis for constructing the strategy system for the optimization and reduction of spatial poverty.The characteristics and innovations of this thesis are as follows:(1)The first innovation might beexploring poverty issues from a multidimensional spatial perspective.(2)Developing an indicator system of geographic capital to examine spatial poverty is one of the innovative attempts this study makes.(3)Studying spatial poverty and its comprehensive regulation strategies in a sample provincial space might another future of this thesis. |
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