Research Oa Land Dependence And Semi-urbanization

Urbanization is an important issue in the process of modernization transformation.Due to the deviation between the allocation of citizens' rights and the urbanization of humanism under the division of urban and rural residence registration system,the convergence of the urbanization rate of the residential population and the urbanization rate of the registered population in China has attracted much attention.The difference between the urbanization rate of residential population and the urbanization rate of registered population is called"semi-urbanization rate".Since the urban household registration is the institutional basis of the distribution mechanism of the local welfare,the deregulation of urban household registration has changed into a dominant demand.The mainstream academic criticism is eventually developed into the urbanization development plan which is dominated by the integration of city.On the design of the policy,it is reflected as the policy route of the "to deregulate and to share equal rights":to release the household registration control and the equivalent national treatment.The establishment of the unified resident registration system announces the return of the Household Registration system to the "Statistical essence" as to form.However,the problem of semi-urbanization has not yet been solved effectively.Therefore,it is very important to re-examine the mechanism of the semi-urbanization for future policy choice.There are two typical facts in the process of urbanization:urban scale-oriented,differentiation of factual permanent migration and institutional migration.Among them,two typical facts relate to the two-behavior subject of urbanization construction:local government,rural-urban population migration.Based on the tracing and summarizing of the existing documents,the paper puts forward the followings from the angle of view of the land system:the hypothesis of local competition and fiscal impulse,and the hypothesis of rural property right and exit right.Based on this,the theoretical explanation framework of the semi-urbanization under the "dual land dependence" has been formed by deepening the theory:the fiscal dependence effect of land and the attachment effect of land.There are three mechanisms of local government's land fiscal dependence:expansion mechanism,divestiture mechanism and subsidy mechanism,which aggravates the problem of semi-urbanization by divestiture effect and crowding-out effects.In the analysis of the attachment effect of land,this paper attempts to put forward a new perspective of re-interpretation of the semi-urbanization problem,which is a dominant idea constructed by theory,aiming at establishing a mechanism for the allocation of rural population and land under the existing rural land system arrangement.It is found that there are endowment effect and land ownership effect to land for formers that restrain their desire to enter and settle in the city,which are the microcosmic causes of semi-urbanization.Based on the provincial panel data of 1999/2014,the dynamic monitoring survey data of floating population in 2017 and the self-survey data(2017/2018),the paper confirms the existence of land fiscal dependence effect and land attachment effect respectively.In fact,the impact of the dependence effect of dual land on semi-urbanization is far-reaching.On the one hand,the fiscal dependence effect of land has increased the cost of urban negative accumulative effect to distort the curve of urban marginal income,so as to lock the urbanization process on an unsustainable track.On the other hand,the attachment effect of land has locked the over-dense state of agricultural production,resulting in the exit crisis of population and rural areas,and the fact that "man-land separation" and "man-land dependence" is formed,which results in a few forms of non-contract system,so that the traditional agricultural production factors were locked,and the population condition of Lewis convergence was destroyed.Due to the existence of dual dependence effect of land,the problem of semi-urbanization in China is manifested in the locking of "city-township"efficiency on a far-reaching level,and finally falls into the trap of self-enhancement mechanism of "efficiency locking-semi-urbanization locking".It is obvious that the transformation from semi-urbanization to complete urbanization is inseparable from the reform of the land system.The transformation of semi-urbanization under the restriction of dual land requires the construction of the "double incentive mechanism" through the reform of land system.According to the practice of land system reform at present,the effect of fiscal dependence of land corresponds to the market entry system of collective operating construction land,while the attachment effect of land corresponds to confirmation of land right and the reform of separation of powers.However,the market entry system of collective construction land has not overcome the decisive influence of land "location value" on income.The location distribution of semi-urbanization population and the advantage of collective construction land in urban areas are misplaced in space and mismatched in income.Correcting the superposition effect of misplacing and mismatching and promoting the transformation of semi-urbanization is obviously an important orientation of land system reform in the future.In the reform of rural land system,the contract authority,which is extended and confirmed,appears to a great extent as"personification property",which leads to deviating the target of operating productivity.At the same time,management right,due to its separation with no independence,does not have the exit mechanism as the derivative right of the contract right,so that it is not conducive to the rural exit of the population.On the basis of this,this paper argues that the reform orientation of land system should focus on three aspects:one is to break the land value-added mismatch pattern,in order to mobilize the "two-enthusiasm" of urbanization development;Second,the key to change the form of non-contract system is the stability and moderate concentration of the management right,and the third is that the institutional construction of the land should allow the population to withdraw from the countryside in order to meet the demand of the increasing agricultural productivity for the moderate scale management of the land.