Study On Strategy And Path Of Rural Anti—poverty In Ethnic Minority Areas Under The Perspective Of Positive Welfare

For a long time,constrained by multiple factors such as idea,ability,anti-poverty system of national minority areas in our country is employing a kind of negative"eliminating","transfusion" working mode essentially.The poverty alleviation mode can only keep the poor basic life not being threatened,as it’s hard to make them fundamentally out of poverty,even falling into a vicious cycle of poverty.Since the 21st century,under influence of the modern active anti-poverty theory and policy model worldwide,China’s rural anti-poverty issues come into a period with the concept transformation and the mode transformation.On this background,with the state council release and implementation on"China’s rural poverty alleviation and development program(2011—2020)",China’s rural poverty alleviation and development work has entered a new stage.Ethnic concentrated destitute areas have become the key battle ground of anti-poverty in China.Needless to say,the current anti-poverty in ethnic regions system development is immersed in the condition of "intertwined with problems and contradictions".It has been unable to push the normal operation of anti-poverty work in ethnic regions.Based on this,this paper referring to the foreign experience combined with the local practice to research,design and promote the applicability of the new rural poverty governance system in ethnic regions.Positive welfare is one of the theoretical perspectives and important effects in the current social welfare field.One of the theories emerged in negative material aid and maintained life as the core concept of welfare criticism and reflection.This theory originated from criticism and reflection of material aid and basic life maintaining as the core of negative welfare concept.The concepts of "investment benefits" and "work welfare" focus on the development and reshaping the ability of welfare policy implementation objects.The purpose is to build a policy perspective of enthusiasm and modernity.Positive welfare theory connotation has a good perspective and applicability for whom are eager to get rid of the negative effects of traditional system,and get out of the system construction difficulties of the countryside in ethnic minority areas.In anti-poverty issues,the analysis framework of the positive welfare theory can be from subject,object and method of three dimensions.They are welfare policy implementing subject dimension of diversity,collaboration&integration;welfare policy object dimension of target,precise&filling a vacancy;welfare policy way dimension of empowerment,energized&employment.To establish balanced loop and the benign interaction of them to help the poor out of poverty.Of course,any updating or reconstructing complex system requires to study and judge on the time logic and space field.The former provides evidence and the latter provides experience.So,from the angle of institutional changes,it compares the anti-poverty development history of the ethnic minority areas on the longitudinal,and interprets the spatial and temporal characteristics,policy evolution under different stages and construction path.Taking Xing’ an league of Inner Mongolia for example,it is targeted to analyzes the current operation situation of anti-poverty policies and the internal contradictions of ethnic minority areas.And then it analyzes the institutional defects of anti-poverty subject responsibility,aiming at the objects and the mode selection in ethnic minority areas.It analyzes the limitations of the government as a single subject in anti-poverty and the institutional reasons for anti-poverty absence of enterprises and NGO on the subject.It analyzes the defects of ethnic minority areas rural universal type anti-poverty targeting mechanism on the object.It analyzes the welfare dependence policy defects of farmers and herdsmen in ethnic minority areas rural on the way.It is very important to Absorb and draw lessons from advanced interethnic experience and failure lessons from the countries which have the similar situations and problems with China.It is also important to set up applicability of anti-poverty system model.Worldwide,Brazil’s anti-poverty system design has balanced the relationship among the main responsibilities.In India,aiming at the object is targeted and selectivity.But in Australia,indigenous peoples depend on the welfare resources for poverty alleviation.When solving the problem of their minority poverty,these countries’ ideas and policies typically reflect the active and passive anti-poverty mode.So opposite welfare effect,this gives our thinking and enlightenment on refactoring of anti-poverty system in the ethnic minority areas.On this basis,the article gives us strategic goal and promote strategy overall and provides a plan and step for ethnic minority rural areas anti-poverty.To balance the relations among related anti-poverty parties by the coordination of the government,enterprises and NGO.Refactoring anti-poverty target mechanism,is to realize the anti-poverty object accurately.Empowering and increasing employment for the poor,are to realize the change of common welfare type to fill a vacancy type welfare.At the policy level,it has further detailed the implement approach of the anti-poverty in ethnic minority areas.The article further refines the implementation path of anti-poverty in ethnic minority regions.To balance the relations among different anti-poverty related parties by building the government-led anti-poverty system.Then to realize money target by offering discount for poverty alleviation system;to achieve project target by empowering and"tailored" and to realize process target by dynamic management and assessment evaluation for the poor on the object.The last but not the least,in order to empower and increase employment for the poor,we should improve the quality of the farmers and herdsmen health and ability,transfer the labor force from pastoral areas,develop characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry industry and their own businesses,and improve the system of farmers and herdsmen employment benefits.