Research On Spatial Governance Of Secondary Vocational Education Resource Allocation In Border Ethnic Areas Of China

Since the "Belt and Road" initiative was put forward in 2013,China's border ethnic areas have leapt into the frontier highlands in opening to the outside world,with special strategic position and great development potential.In 2015,the State Council issued "Opinions on Supporting the Development and Opening of Certain Policy Measures in Key Border Areas ",pointing out that key border areas are an important platform for deepening China's cooperation with neighboring countries and regions,an important support for the economic and social development of border areas and an important barrier to ensuring border and homeland security.However,the existing human capital structure in the border ethnic areas of Yunnan has the problems that the human capital level structure is difficult to cross the high school education,the human capital spatial structure presents the border void,the human capital industrial structure and the local demand discomfort.Weak border human capital and strong strategic layout of border development formed a sharp contradiction,while the promotion of human capital mainly depends on education.The survey found that 51.1% of border states or cities do not have higher undergraduate schools,40% of border states or cities do not have higher vocational schools,and the secondary vocational schools in border ethnic areas characterized by "one county and one school" have become the main institutions for the classification and training of labor force in the region.In 2019,the State Council issued the Implementation Plan for the Reform of National Vocational Education,proposing to optimize the educational structure,making the development of secondary vocational education an important basis for the popularization of high school education and the construction of a vocational education system with Chinese characteristics,and clearly pointing out that the construction of secondary vocational education should meet the needs of local economic and social development and the training of personnel.The stability of border ethnic areas and the promotion of human capital lies in the development of secondary vocational education,and optimizing the allocation of educational resources is an important part of doing a good job in secondary vocational education.On the one hand,the allocation of educational resources has been in a state of "marginalization ",the overall level of educational resources is backward,the allocation of regional secondary vocational education resources varies greatly,and the internal benefits of the development of county-level secondary vocational education are low;on the other hand,the allocation of educational resources is confined to the education system,seriously divorced from the local economic and social development needs,and the external benefits of secondary vocational education development are low.At its root,the value orientation of educational resource allocation is the important reason leading to this pattern of educational resource allocation.In different periods of social development,the allocation of educational resources in China has experienced the value orientation of "changing from egalitarianism to efficiency priority "," efficiency priority taking into account fairness" and "paying more attention to fairness and balance ".Under the value orientation of efficiency priority,the educational resources of prefecture-level cities in border ethnic areas are relatively abundant,and the total amount of educational resources in border counties is gradually increased under the balanced value orientation,but none of them can effectively improve the internal and external benefits of secondary vocational education development.At present,the allocation of educational resources with the value orientation of equilibrium focuses on the balance of people,money and material among regions,between urban and rural areas and between schools.On the one hand,the allocation of educational resources in order to achieve the balance of educational resources between regions is to take space as a homogeneous space,which will inevitably lead to the allocation of educational resources can not meet the actual needs of specific regions;on the other hand,the allocation of educational resources in order to achieve the balance of all kinds of educational resources within the educational system is to take educational resources as dead objects,which will inevitably hinder the development of education itself and its promotion to society.The "spatial turn" in the field of humanities and social sciences in the 1970 s provided theoretical enlightenment for the development direction of educational resource allocation in the new era.Henri Lefebvre's theory of social space tells us that first,space has dual attributes,one is natural physical attribute,the other is social attribute,and the allocation of educational resources is carried out in social space.Second,from "the production of things in space" to "the production of space itself ",we should attach importance to the production of educational space itself.Third,we should go into the production of differential space,allocate educational resources on the premise of spatial difference,and realize the interactive symbiosis between educational space and social space.The lack of balanced allocation of educational resources is precisely the grasp of the social attributes of space,which leads to the lack of the correlation between educational space and other social subspace on the one hand,and the lack of resources in educational space is a dynamic factor of production,which not only casts into educational space itself,but also affects the development of social space.Therefore,the key to solve the problem of allocation of secondary vocational education resources and improve the internal and external benefits of the development of secondary vocational education in border ethnic areas is to attach importance to the spatial management of the allocation of secondary vocational education resources in border ethnic areas.To be exact,educational space is the sum of the relationship between educational resources and social space.As the carrier of education,school is no longer just a natural material space,but more importantly,a positive interactive educational space based on material and social space.The spatial governance of educational resources allocation is to link the allocation of educational resources with the social space composed of people and human practical activities.The allocation of educational resources is not simply to realize the balance of educational resources allocation in the sense of natural physical space,but to deepen the interpretation of social space and realize the benign matching between educational resources and social space.It is an important research content to construct spatial governance analysis framework for secondary vocational education resource allocation in border ethnic areas,to reveal the coupling relationship between secondary vocational education resource allocation and social space in border ethnic areas,and to explore the social spatial structure and spatial auto-correlation between counties in border ethnic areas.Based on the spatial governance analysis framework of secondary vocational education resource allocation in border ethnic areas,the single factor description method and location entropy method are used to reveal the current dislocation status of social space and secondary vocational education resource allocation in 25 border counties(cities)of Yunnan Province.Using the methods of principal factor analysis and cluster analysis commonly used in sociological analysis of social spatial structure,this paper explores the social spatial structure of 25 border counties(cities)and its spatial auto-correlation relationship,which provides a scientific reference for realizing the different allocation of educational resources in each county and the shared allocation of important nodes.This paper puts forward the guarantee path of spatial governance of secondary vocational education resource allocation in border ethnic areas from the aspects of spatial governance subject and spatial governance tool.The second is to put forward the deep development and application of spatial governance tools.On the one hand,it is necessary to establish a spatial database suitable for the allocation of secondary vocational education resources in border ethnic areas,including the cross-departmental co-construction of spatial data,the classification of spatial data and the nationalization of spatial database;on the other hand,the spatial database should be updated in time to reflect the change of social spatial structure in real time and provide scientific reference for the allocation of secondary vocational education resources.It is of special significance to develop secondary vocational education vigorously in border ethnic areas,and the value orientation of educational resource allocation is an important aspect that restricts the development of secondary vocational education in border ethnic areas.Re-examine the balanced value orientation of the current allocation of educational resources,use the social space theory to criticize the spatial view of the balanced value orientation,construct the spatial governance framework of the allocation of secondary vocational resources in border ethnic areas,and put forward the spatial governance scheme and its guarantee path adapted to the allocation of secondary vocational education resources in border ethnic areas,which is an important way to improve the internal and external benefits of the development of secondary vocational education in border ethnic areas,and make it solid,flourish,rich and strong.