| Since economic reform and open up in China,the living standards of residents have been continuously improved.However,under the combined effect of unbalanced development strategy,some policies and systems of giving priority to the rich and the geographical advantages of cities and the eastern coastal areas,the gap between urban and rural areas,regions and classes has been further widened,and the current situation of unbalanced and inadequate development has not been fundamentally changed.At the same time,this phenomenon directly leads to the imbalance of residents’ income,property and other fields,and hinders the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way.It also makes the conflicts between different social groups in the aspects of thought and behavior,which is not conducive to social cohesion.The polarization phenomenon caused by this has become the fundamental cause of social instability.The premise of solving the imbalance problem is to have an objective cognition.However,the inequality index is lack of the ability to identify the phenomenon of cluster within groups.Therefore,scholars have proposed to study the distribution related issues from the perspective of polarization.Unfortunately,the analysis of polarization in China only focuses on the single dimension of income or property.At present,a complete multidimensional analysis system has not been formed.Therefore,on the basis of combing the classic and frontier literature on the theory of multidimensional polarization,this paper proposes an improved method to improve the theoretical framework of multidimensional polarization analysis,aiming at the problems that the existing multidimensional polarization indicators fail to reflect the impact of inter dimensional correlation.The current situation and appropriateness of the multidimensional polarization of Chinese households are measured by statistics,and the distribution imbalance of different resources between urban and rural areas,regions and social classes is further understood.Specifically,this paper mainly includes the following four aspects:(1)This paper first defines the connotation of polarization,and points out that it has two characteristics: multidimensional and multipolar.On this basis,this paper sums up the factors affecting multidimensional polarization into two aspects: economic development and public policy,and discusses its mechanism.Among them,economic development mainly affects the change of multidimensional polarization through economic growth,economic structure and economic quality.Public policy influences the changes of multidimensional polarization through the formulation,implementation and adjustment of policies.(2)On the basis of pointing out that there are multidimensional polarization indices in the actual measurement of ignoring the dimension correlation,this paper makes clear that social conflict mainly comes from the deprived party.Then,based on the analysis framework of intra group homogeneity and inter group heterogeneity,cosine similarity and social welfare function are introduced,and two improved multidimensional polarization indexes are proposed according to the concept of relative deprivation.At the same time,the static and dynamic decomposition forms of the new multidimensional polarization index are given,which lays a theoretical foundation for the statistical measurement of multidimensional polarization.(3)In this paper,CFPS database is selected to measure the multidimensional polarization of income,property,education level and social capital between urban and rural areas,regions and social classes in China from the perspectives of anonymity polarization,non-anonymity polarization and long-term polarization.At the same time,combined with the dimension and subgroup decomposition form of multidimensional polarization index,the contribution and influence effect of dimensional polarization and subgroup polarization and their changes on multidimensional polarization are analyzed.Through the measurement and decomposition of multidimensional polarization,it is helpful to understand the changing track and internal evolution mechanism of multidimensional polarization among different subjects.(4)Based on the phenomenon of “Easterlin Paradox” in China,this paper theoretically analyzes the multidimensional transmission mechanism of happiness and the moderating effect of social justice in it,and puts forward two theoretical hypotheses.Furthermore,the hypothesis is verified by constructing an econometric model,and the appropriateness of multidimensional polarization is analyzed based on the empirical results,and the potential impact on social stability is analyzed in depth.Based on the statistical measurement of multidimensional polarization,the conclusions of this paper can be summarized as follows:(1)In terms of measurement methods,multidimensional polarization is more comprehensive than income polarization,non-anonymous polarization is more scientific than anonymous polarization,and long-term polarization is more accurate than single year polarization.According to the results of single dimension polarization measurement,the polarization of property dimension is the highest,followed by social capital,income and education level.From the multidimensional polarization measurement results,the level of multidimensional polarization in urban and rural areas continues to decrease,while the multidimensional polarization of social strata changes frequently.It shows that the integration of urban and rural development and regional coordinated development have achieved phased results,but a stable olive shaped distribution pattern has not yet been formed.(2)From the perspective of dimension decomposition,property polarization has the highest contribution rate to the multidimensional polarization of urban and rural areas,regions and social strata.Moreover,the long-term contribution rate of property is still rising,which is the leading factor affecting the multidimensional polarization change,but the effect is different under different grouping methods.On the whole,the dimensional correlation effect has a negative effect on the long-term multidimensional polarization decline,while the dimensional polarization effect has a promoting effect on the multi-dimensional polarization decline.(3)According to the results of subgroup decomposition,rural households have been deprived for a long time,but with the development of urban-rural integration,the phenomenon has improved significantly.The eastern region has always been in the leading position,and there is still a large degree of differentiation with the other three regions,but the regional coordinated development has alleviated the problem of regional polarization.The degree of differentiation between families at both ends of the social class has been increasing for a long time,and the "one size fits all" social class standard virtually intensifies the social class differentiation.(4)The estimation of Ordered Probit model shows that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between multidimensional polarization and happiness,which is moderated by social justice.Combined with the results of multidimensional polarization measurement,it is found that the overall multidimensional polarization has a positive tunnel effect on happiness.The same conclusion can be drawn from the results of single dimension estimation,in which the polarization of education level will reach the critical point first,followed by income,social capital and property,which shows the importance of education equity.Further comparison of the estimation results of single dimension and multidimensional polarization shows that only8% of counties have negative correlation with happiness at the same time.However,the multidimensional polarization of nearly half of the counties is beyond the appropriate range,and the happiness has entered the downward channel.Compared with previous studies,the innovations of this paper are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:(1)The novelty of research perspective.In this paper,the research perspective of urbanrural,regional and class differences is changed from poverty and inequality to polarization,from income polarization to multidimensional polarization including income,mainly focusing on group antagonism.(2)Improvement of research methods.In this paper,the measurement method and decomposition method of multidimensional polarization are improved to make up for the defects in statistical measurement.(3)The research content is rich.This study is not limited to simply depicting the level of multidimensional polarization,but in-depth analysis of the relationship between dimensions and the degree of differentiation among subgroups on multidimensional polarization.At the same time,this paper analyzes the appropriateness of multidimensional polarization based on the phenomenon of “Easterlin Paradox”. |
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