Application-oriented: A Study On The Orientation And Practice Logic Of Scientific Research In Higher Vocational Colleges

In the context of the lack of systematic planning,higher vocational colleges have not been effectively integrated into the national innovation system,and the existing school-enterprise cooperation mostly stays at the level of talent cultivation,instead of scientific research.With the coming of "double-high plan" construction era,the development of higher vocational colleges is facing a series of bottlenecks that need to be broken through,and it is urgent to play the role of scientific research in connotation construction.Faced with the above demands,higher vocational colleges are obviously not well prepared,especially suffering from the pain of "academic-oriented" scientific research.Based on the above background,this research mainly discusses three core questions: What should be the orientation of scientific research in higher vocational colleges? How much is the gap between the state of to be and ougtht to be of scientific research in higher vocational colleges? What is the practice logic behind scientific research in higher vocational colleges?The answer to the right orientation of scientific research in higher vocational colleges is the logical starting point of the whole research.Based on the analysis of the historical evolution of scientific research classification methods and the theoretical hypothesis of knowledge production mode transformation,this research proposes that for higher vocational colleges as knowledge production organizations,application orientation is what they should insist on.In order to measure the gap between the state of to be and ougtht to be of scientific research in higher vocational colleges,this research develops the initial index structure of scientific research application level evaluation for higher vocational colleges by Delphi method and three rounds of expert consultation.Combined with the analysis of in-depth interviews,policy texts and literature review,the initial items of scientific research application level evaluation scale for higher vocational colleges are developed.Furthermore,through project analysis,exploratory factor analysis,the initial index structure is revised,and has formed a higher reliability and validity evaluation scale of scientific research application level for higher vocational colleges.Then,with the help of AHP method and further expert consultation,the weight of the three-level indicator system is finally determined,and the assessment results are divided into level I,level II,level III,level IV and level V.Among them,level I represents the highest level of scientific research application for higher vocational colleges.Based on the evaluation scale of scientific research application level for higher vocational colleges,combined with the setting of relevant background variables,this research has developed a questionnaire of scientific research situation in higher vocational colleges,and distributed the questionnaire to the teachers of engineering technology related majors in higher vocational colleges.It finds that the real score rate of application-oriented scientific research level in higher vocational colleges is about70% and the overall evaluation result is level II,which means that the level of application-oriented scientific research is not high.At the individual level of teachers,the scientific research application level of the group with intermediate professional titles is relatively low,groups with long working experience in enterprises is relatively high,those with the position of scientific research and social service is relatively high,those with higher engineering technology content of professional categories is relatively high,and those with administrative positions is only slightly higher;At the organizational level of the higher vocational colleges,the scientific research application level of the prefecture-level city group and the demonstration / backbone group are relatively high,while the scientific research application level of "central collapse" phenomenon is obvious.This research also finds that the application level of scientific research in higher vocational colleges has obvious interaction effect between teachers' individual level factors and school organization level factors.Those with large cities and long working experience in enterprises show a high level of scientific research application;those with position types inclined to scientific research and school running attributes inclined to demonstration / backbone show a high level of scientific research application;those with administrative positions and school running attributes inclined to demonstration / backbone show a high level of scientific research application.In order to reveal the practice logic of scientific research in higher vocational colleges,this research made a design of multiple case study combined with the results of quantitative research.From the perspective of new institutionalism of sociology,an analytical framework of "scientific research system supply—scientific research system perception—scientific research action face" is developed.Subsequently,the case study was carried out in four different types of higher vocational colleges.It finds that the practice of national-demonstration higher vocational college has the characteristic of "keeping pace with the undergraduate colleges",the practice of provincialdemonstration higher vocational college is featured by "striving to enter the first group",the practice of new-upgraded higher vocational college is characterized by "legitimate marginal participation",while the practice in public-owned and private-operated higher vocational college is morelike "symbolic existence".Different higher vocational colleges show different characteristics in the supply and perception of scientific research system,and show different aspects of scientific research actions.The reason is that the practice of scientific research in higher vocational colleges is greatly influenced by the tournament system.In terms of institutional supply of scientific research,in accordance with the sequence of "national-demonstration—provincial-demonstration — new-upgraded — public-owned and private-operated" higher vocational colleges,the influence of legal mechanism is decreasing,while the influence of efficiency mechanism is increasing.Due to the existence of the "upgrade scenario",the national-demonstration higher vocational colleges are more willing to align themselves with the undergraduate colleges,and the driving force of applicationoriented scientific research practice is lower than that of the provincial-demonstration higher vocational colleges "seeking for misplaced competitive advantage".However,due to the weakness of the system foundation of scientific research software and hardware,as well as the pressure of enrollment and employment,the new-upgraded higher vocational colleges and the public-owned and private-operated higher vocational colleges also do not show enough motivation of doing application-oriented scientific research.In terms of institutional perception of scientific research,in accordance with the same sequence,the strict requirements of regulative elements are decreasing,while the free and loose ones are increasing;The responsibility driven normative elements are decreasing,while the interest driven ones are increasing;The scientific research schema of cultural-cognitive elements are decreasing,while the teaching schema ones are increasing.Compared with normative elements and cultural cognitive elements,teachers' scientific research activities in higher vocational colleges are more influenced by regulative elements.However,different types of higher vocational colleges generally do not strengthen the application-oriented supply of regulative elements,which makes it difficult for teachers to consciously make the application-oriented scientific research action choice.In addition,the tournament system has led to the alienation and distortion of scientific research in higher vocational colleges,which is manifested in the "GDP doctrine" of scientific research,the "Matthew effect" of scientific research,and the low transformation rate of scientific research achievements.In this situation,it is difficult to produce enough application oriented scientific research action effectiveness.By analyzing the formation logic of scientific research tournament system in higher vocational colleges,we can find that it is influenced by the nationalunit system.But we also need to pay attention to the limited effect of tournament system to different types of higher vocational colleges and different types of teachers.It is the existence of this limitation that leads to the differences of application-oriented scientific research practice among different types of higher vocational colleges and teachers.Finally,with the aim of clarifying the reform direction of application-oriented scientific research and improving the level of application-oriented scientific research in higher vocational colleges,this research put forward the following suggestions: In order to achieve the goal of improving quality and efficiency,it is important to optimize the evaluation standard of scientific research in higher vocational colleges;Based on the premise of post classification,it is urgent to reform the scientific research evaluation system of higher vocational colleges;We should strengthen the construction of applied technology subject by setting more vertical programmes for higher vocational colleges;We ought to change the weak status of academic power through decentralization and empowerment;We should expand the channel of scientific research achievements transformation with the orientation of market demand;It is necessary to innovate the enterprise practice mechanism for higher vocational teachers through the opportunity of project cooperation;In order to improve the level of scientific research team,we should build a heterogeneous research community;We ought to improve the scientific research infrastructure and equipment with the opportunity of building scientific research platform.