Research On The Effects Of Education On Rural Poverty In China

Since reform and opening-up,Chinese society and economy has developed greatly,urban and rural residents' living standards have made great progress.But the problem of insufficient and imbalance development of economy still exists,such as the imbalance development between urban and rural areas,and the insufficient development of rural areas.By now,there are many poor people in rural areas.These poor people are lack of material resources and only posse low level welfare.Therefore,how to promote the development of economy in rural areas and get the poor people out of poverty is an important project that must be solved.Since the poverty alleviation in China started,several generations of leaders of the party summarized a series of poverty alleviation ideas through the long poverty alleviation practices.Especially since the 18 th national congress of the communist party of China,the party central committee with Xi Jinping as the core,focused more on poverty alleviation.Xi not only investigated poverty situation in Chinese rural areas,but also made some statements about that.He put forward that the lack of intellectual education and the low stocks of human capital were the root causes of poverty.Therefore,to promote the development of education has become the policy orientation for Chinese poverty reduction.It should be noted that,with the realization of well-off society is fully completed in 2020,the absolute poor are gradually diminished,relative poverty and multidimensional poverty will become increasingly prominent.In the post poverty alleviation period,the roles of education in relative poverty and multidimensional alleviation should be verified in advance,so that the Chinese poverty alleviation policy could make some adjustment and perfection timely.Around these issues,this paper conducts the research following the sequences of theoretical research-empirical research-policy research.The research data comes from Chinese Family Panel Surveys 2014.The research methods are quantitative research methods,for example probit model,quantile regression model,instrumental probit model,instrumental quantile regression moedel.The dependent variables include absolute poverty,relative poverty and multidimensional poverty.The key independent variable is operated as average length of education of family labor in rural,rather than the years of schooling of the head of household.Besides that,endogenous has been taking into account.This research,firstly describes the poverty incidence and education level in rural China.Then it analyzes the effects of education on absolute poverty,relative poverty and multidimensional poverty,and its effects in different marketization level.Thirdly,it compares the effects on education on income between poor people and non-poor people.Lastly,taking the strategic goal of building a well-off society and a forward-looking perspective for the poverty alleviation policy in post pro-poor period,it builds a sustainable and operational rural poverty reduction policy system.Based on above analysis,the main research conclusions are as follows.Poverty alleviation should not be restricted to a single dimension level,such as income poverty reduction,but should pay more attention to multidimensional poverty.This paper,takes A-F method to measure the situation of multidimensional poverty in rural China by Chinese Family Panel Survey 2014.It finds that multidimensional poverty incidence is higher than absolute poverty and relative poverty.And the sanitation,cooking fuel,drinking water and health poverty are the common problem in Chinese rural areas.In terms of education,the average years of schooling of family labor in rural areas is 6.06,and this average years of schooling in poor family is significantly lower than non-poor family.Taking the rural people in Chinese Family Panel Survey as research samples,this paper finds that the education has positive effects on odds ratio of absolute poverty,relative poverty taking consideration of endogenous.As far as the effects of marketization,the research finds that rural and family marketization decreases the effects of education on absolute poverty,relative poverty.Regional marketization has no moderation effect on this relationship.The solution of income poverty will ultimate fall into the income growth and income gap narrowing.It further takes quantile regression model and instrumental quantile regression to investigate the effects of education on rural income,and the differences between poor family and non-poor family.The results show that the increase of years of schooling has a positive effect on income for poor family and non-poor family.The coefficient differential tests of quantile regression model show that this effect has no difference between them.In terms of the education and multidimensional poverty,the research finds that education has positive effects on odds ratio of multidimensional poverty taking consideration of endogenous.And this effect is interacted by regional marketizationand family marketization.The higher the regional marketization and family marketization,the more significant of the effect of education on poverty.Although this research confirms the effects of education on poverty,the economic costs and opportunity cost of education should be surveyed and considered in advance for a family,such as the access to education,the realization of education from school to job market.Based on above research conclusions,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions: promoting the change and updating of cognition of poverty,playing the role of education in poverty reduction;building the diversified poverty reduction strategy,so as to provide a useful idea for the achievement of a well-off society and meet the needs for post poverty reduction period.