| Geopolitics is an important theory of international relations,which indicates the relationship between the behavior of a country and its objective environment.It has unique value.But at the same time,the development of this theory has fallen into a dilemma of stagnation today,not only can't understanding and explaining the new reality of international politics,but also resulting in the return of traditional geopolitical thinking,and posing a threat to the peaceful development and stability of the world.Therefore,this paper aims to reflect and promote the development of geopolitical theory,focusing on the factors that promote the development of geopolitical model,discussing the mechanism and process of its effect,as well as the new geopolitical changes caused by it,and looking for a new direction to promote the development of geopolitical theory.This paper argues that the interdisciplinary properties of geopolitics leads to cognitive bias in the description methods and basic concepts of geographical environment.As a result,not only the geographical description is mistaken as a list of elements,but also the geographical environment is regarded as static and unchanging,stuck in the "environmental",unable to accurately describe the spatial background of the country.Therefore,to promote the development of geopolitical science,we must form a standard geographical thinking.On the basis of dialectically affirming the value of traditional geopolitics such as Ratzel and Mackinder,returns to the discussion of the relationship between the objective geographical environment and the law of state behavior.It is realized that geopolitics studies is the interweaving between geographical logic and political logic.The main goal of geopolitical research is explaining the law of state behavior,and the foundation of scientific is understanding the objective geographical environment.The geographical environment is a complex phenomenon of variation in a complex way,it is dynamic,and human factors play a role in promoting the change of other elements.Therefore,the study of geopolitics must follow the principle of integrity and dynamic.However,since the political and geographical are dynamically,how to ensure that the time in balance becomes the next problem.Mackinder's theory provides reference for solving this problem.Mackinder's theory is based on the hypothesis that "the world is a closed system",which is an important premise of his theoretical construction and reflects Mackinder's overall cognition of the background of state behavior.It is the combination of the overall understanding of the surface and the irreconcilable contradiction between the infinity of national development and the limitation of resources and their space.It's the root of the Mackinder's theory gives significance to physical geographical features,makes countries have to compete for limited physical geographical space to maintain their own survival and development.It not only enforces the inevitability of conflict and zero-sum game between countries,but also solidifies people's overall cognition of the background of international political interaction.Behind this cognition of the spatial background of international political interaction,is the balance between geographical logic and political logic of geopolitical research under the constraint of time of social development.Because as a geographer,Mackinder selected geographical elements to be investigated according to the standard of "importance to human beings".It reflects the timeliness of Mackinder's explanatory power and points out the direction for breakthrough of his theoretical interpretation.This can be seen from the analysis of division of labor by geography,economics and other theories.Division of labor is the source of productivity and wealth.First,the evolution of division of labor promotes the constant change of geographical environment,which makes the surface appear a series of new materialized contents based on the social relations of production,breaking the rationality of the hypothesis of "the world is a closed system",and the surface is more like a continuous reconstruction of the unity of natural space and social space.Second,change the way geography works on countries.It is no longer with natural features and resources constraints for national development,but in the role of the division of labor resources for economic development.It's breaking the previous in geopolitical cognitive basis,highlight the dangers of geopolitical cognitive inertia force.Finally,it urges the countries seeking survival and development to change the behavior mode to cooperation,so as to follow the logic of the division of labor economy and ensure the normal operation of the division of labor economy.The evolution of division of labor promoted the changes of the international division of labor pattern and the national behavior pattern in the new stage of the division of labor.However,the emergence of "anti-globalization" phenomenon means that the evolution of division of labor does not eliminate geopolitical conflicts,but more like changing the form of their expression.Research must further explore what new geopolitical conflicts are in the new historical stage.Therefore,this paper combines the division of labor economy with the fourth round of regionalism cooperation,and makes a further specific observation of the interactive process of economy and geography under the division of labor within products,so as to understand its interaction with the practice of new regionalism.It is the "geo-economic" interaction logic of the new division of labor economy makes the practice of a new round of regionalism more open and extroverted.In this process,the state,by its ability to deal with space in a larger scale intervene in the interactive process of economy and geography and promote the change of geography guided by state power.At this time,the relationship between the country and geography has changed.The country is no longer only subject to geography,but also participates in the production space,shapes the surface,and determines the development potential and influence of the surface space.Therefore,the international region,as a new space generated by the national division of labor economy,reflects the new geopolitical pattern of national space production behavior.The influence of this geopolitical region does not depend on the geographical environment of the previous geopolitical theory,but on its spatiality.In this process,the contradiction between the infinitude of national development and the limitation of resources in the past is transformed into the contradiction between the infinitude of national development and whether the country can provide enough spatial resources to support the development of economic division.In order to seek a good base of division of resources,countries need to cooperate and compete around whether spatial division of resources can be produced and how they can be expanded and reshaped.The influence of the spatial production behavior of national depends on the development mode of the countries in the region to the spatial production means,the new power of the developed countries to determine the spatial evolution pattern,and the space as a political tool to restrict the rational regeneration of unequal geographical basis.The fifth chapter examines peaceful development in China under new space-time background,which provides practical fulcrum for further promoting the development of the cognition of geopolitical theory.This chapter put emphasis on the understanding of Chinese development mode cannot rely on the "synesthesia" under the existed paradigm,which is a serious thinking inertia.The important difference between China and other rising powers in history is that they are in different stages of division of labor,so they have different space-time logic.The strategy of peaceful development in China reflects the order of space-time logic and transcends the traditional geopolitical theory.The rational regeneration of the different space on the new type of international relations,"The Belt and Road " initiative production geographical based on the division of labor economy virtuous cycle,and the vision of community of shared future for mankind together are supporting the understanding of the superiority of geopolitical development requirement to traditional geopolitical thinking under the new dimension of time and space. |
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