Research On The Dilemma Of Village Governance After The System Reform Of Agricultural Taxes And Fees

After the system reform of agricultural taxes and fees,great changes have taken place in the governance role and governance mechanism of the state in rural society,maintaining and promoting the public interests has become the goal of state governance in rural areas.The governance transformation of the state in villages is manifested in four aspects:service embedding to promote the transformation of Village committee's functions;welfare embedding to promote the transformation of governance resources;project embedding to promote the transformation of rural public goods supply mechanism;technical governance embedding to promotes the standardization,procedure and standardization of village governance.However,as a new governance model,there are many “unexpected consequence”that village governance has not been continuously improved due to the input of resources.Therefore,this study has both theoretical and practical significance to clarify the mechanism of the dilemma of village governance?Taking “the state in society”and “the third domain”as theoretical resources,this paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of “state,village committee and rural society”,trying to overcome the defects of insufficient explanatory power in existing research.In Chapter 4,5 and 6,this paper takes the service supply in the village,the distribution of welfare resources and the implementation of the project as the research object,and shows the dilemma of village governance after the agricultural tax reform from the empirical level.The study found that,in the process of service embedding,the administration of village committee is an obvious trend.Being responsible to the superior has become the behavior orientation of village committee.Thus,Village committee lack the motivation to actively undertake the function of serving farmers' demands,which weakening the responsiveness and publicity of village level organizations.On the other hand,Village committee has limited resources,which can not match so many governance tasks.In this background,village committee has to input energy and resources differently based on the self-interest as centered,according to the benefit and risk caused by the "incentive?constraint" environment of tasks as the measurement standard.As a result,the service tasks cannot be completed with high quality.The study found that,in the process of service embedding,due to resource aggregation,Di Bao and rural poor index become high quality welfare.Stimulated by practical interests,mentality order in rural is gradually imbalanced.“wailing about poverty”?“tangling”?“intimidation”and“petition”become peasant's game strategy with Village cadres.Out of moral logic or self-profit or non accident logic,village cadres allocated welfare resources to farmers who did not meet the policy,which objectively increased the financial burden of the country.The study found that,in the process of project embedding,he governance publicity of the project is not fully reflected.Firstly,in terms of project index distribution,there are practical problems in the distribution of the project in rural areas,such as mismatch with the needs of villagers,elite capture,differentiation between villages and so on,which restrict the project's publicity.Secondly,in the implementation of the project in the village,due to be responsible to the superior ?circumvention responsible and the dilemma of rural collective action,some projects can not truly reflect the interests of the villagers or are difficult to implement due to the lack of cooperation of the villagers.Thirdly,in terms of project maintenance,due to the“organized irresponsibility",a large number of public projects lack effective maintenance,its life cycle is greatly shortened.This paper finds that the reasons for the dilemma of villages governance lie in the following three aspects:the consistency between the policy and the heterogeneous rural society is the dimension of the governance structure;Self-protection oriented self-interest is the dimension of the agent;the active anti embedding and passive anti embedding of rural society are the object dimension.In the new governance model,the maintenance of village social order is no longer the "spontaneous order" dominated by endogenous local norms under the tradition of "simple governance",but evolved into the "constructive order" dominated by state power.The maintenance and reproduction of village order highly depend on the exogenous resources and rules imported by the state.Relatively speaking,in this governance model,the state absorbs a large number of common and private affairs in the village into the administrative system.It It not only has high governance cost,but also can not activate the endogenous vitality of the village,which is not conducive to the long-term development of the village.For improving the state governance capacity in villages and promoting the condition of the villages governance,this paper proposes three countermeasures.First,the state needs to improve its certification capacity in rural society in order to realize the precise connection between the state and peasant or villages.Secondly,the administrative publicity of village committee should be constructed in order to overcome the negative effect from its self-interest.Finally,this paper believes that the peasant's dominant role in village governance should be stimulated by reconstructing the power and responsibility structure in rural society.