Study On The Critical Theory Of Marxism From The Perspective Of Integrity

It is a new visual threshold to understand and apply marxism to take marxism text as the basis,follow the development logic of marxism,and explain the origin,content and overall orientation of marxism criticism according to the critical theories of marxism in different stages.The evolution of marxist critical theory to confirm the processes to achieve the integrity of marxism,the critical theory of each link is to connect and linked as a whole,the previous link's criticism is to construct a link after critical content of basis and prerequisite,critical content after a link is the further criticism of the previous link and completed.The critical theory of marxism revolves around the pursuit of the ultimate value of human liberation,which represents the integrity of marxism in content and logic,so it is of great practical significance to study the critical theory of marxism under the perspective of integrity.The formation and development of Marxism is a process of developing its whole in the criticism.The critical theory of Marxism is dialectical negation,in which Marxism pondered and solved the self-actualization problem of people in different stages.Studying the critical theory of marxism from the perspective of the wholeness of marxism not only forms the problem domain of re-understanding marxism,but also reveals the bridging of each critical link of the critical theory of marxism and realizes the clarification of the internal logic of the critical theory of marxism.Marxism is rooted in the criticism of the real society and turns the criticism itself into the material force to change the reality,which is the essential difference between Marxist critical theory and speculative philosophy in the past.The critical theory of Marxism turns from religious criticism,political criticism and ideological criticism to political economy criticism,and the internal logic of the transition between each link is unified in the general problem of Marxist criticism.Marxist critical theory ended the misunderstanding of criticism in the religious criticism,and turned the criticism target from the kingdom of heaven to the political system and ideology of enslaving people in the secular world.In order to eliminate the political and conceptual superstructure serving the ruling class,Marx deeply analyzed the material interest relations governing the class society.It reveals the root causes of alienation in the fields of religion,politics and ideology,and the critical theory finally rests on the criticism of political economy,thoroughly answering the question of material interests related to human liberation.It can be said that Marxism completes its philosophical task of transforming the world in the process of promoting the criticism of each link and establishes an overall theoretical system in the process of the criticism of each link.Marx first set about the religious criticism as "the premise of all criticism".As the "general theory of the world",religion has become a world view to regulate people's behavior,and people's understanding of their own and their relations with others is measured and restricted by religious values.But religion is a kind of "upside down world view",which is the spiritual "opium" used by political countries to paralyze people to endure suffering and willingly obey the rule.Religion is essentially a kind of alienation "self-consciousness",is a distorted reflection of social reality,Marx found that secular society reality of suffering is the root of people resort to pursue the illusory happiness of religion,and the religious criticism of the object into the secular society,promote the modern philosophical task from criticizing the "sacred image of self alienation" to criticize "the holy image of the self alienation",from "Heavenly Criticism" to "Earthly Criticism".To realize the criticism of the world,we must first carry out the political criticism,and the most realistic and direct power to alienate man is the political state.As the representative of the ruling class,the state shows its exploitation nature of oppressing and enslaving the people after religion loses its political function.Only by eliminating the political state can we break the shackles and fetters imposed on man in every field of society.Marx pointed out that it is not the state that decides the civil society,but the civil society that decides the emergence and nature of the state,and the state is only the representative of the interests of the civil society.No matter what form of "democratic" political organization capitalist countries adopt,they can not cover up their class exploitation nature,and the way of political liberation does not lie in the transformation of the state form,but in the thorough reform of the interests of the state.Although political liberation is not the ultimate goal of Marxism,it is only a key link to further grasp the real material interests,but it is a necessary link to realize human liberation.In exposing the relationship between state,law and ownership,Marx made clear that the illusory form of community was only the representative of the interests of the ruling class.Only by clarifying the historical basis of the development of human society further from the material production practice can we complete the ideological criticism under the guidance of the principle of historical materialism.The criticism of ideology is an important link for Marx to enter the field of historical materialism and clarify the general law of the development of human society.Class society exploitation and enslave the superstructure consists of two dimensions,political system and ideology class social dominant ideology makes people's social life is unified,in private property under the control of a dominant ideology,the ideology as its production and the life "dollar value" cannot return to their own,based on this,Marxist political criticism further points to ideological criticism.Marxism descended from heaven to earth and completed its philosophical practice turn in the criticism of the speculative nature of German classical philosophy.Through the study of material interest relations which occupied the fundamental position,it revealed the historical content of human society from the contradictory movement of productive forces and relations of production,economic base and superstructure.As an important discovery of Marxism,historical materialism constitutes an important basis for its deep criticism of capitalist relations of production and guides the proletariat to realize the historical mission of human liberation.Marxist religious criticism discovers the reality of man;The political criticism reveals the class nature of the state dominated by private ownership and then finds out the possibility that the proletariat at the edge of the society can completely subvert the center.In order to further seek the realistic path of human liberation,Marx established historical materialism through ideological criticism,and found that only based on social reality can the "return" of human liberation be truly realized,and finally directed the criticism to political economy.Through the analysis of alienated labor caused by the logic of capital rule,Marx further criticized the capitalist private ownership,which is the cause and effect of human alienation,and pointed out the historical mission of the proletariat as a realistic weapon to break people's dependence on things.Through the criticism of political economy,Marx pointed out the realistic path of human liberation,that is,to take the positive sublation of private property as the premise,to complete the return of the essence of man in the union of free men.In the critique of political economy,Marx explained the origin of religious problems,political rule,ideology and labor alienation,and put forward the fundamental path of man's salvation from alienation.The completion of the critique of political economy really realizes the liberation from heaven to earth,and thus completes the religious criticism in the true sense.From the beginning of the religious criticism to the realization of the "worldly criticism" by the political economy criticism,it indicates the completion of the integrity of the Marxist critical theory.Based on the political economy criticism,Marxism transforms the ultimate demand of human liberation into a "realistic movement to eliminate the existing conditions".