A Modernization Study Of People In Deeply Impoverished Areas

Poverty is a social phenomenon accompanying with the development of human society.It is also a common problem faced by all countries in the world,especially in developing countries.The way forward for China’s deep poverty-stricken areas is to achieve stable poverty alleviation,thereafter enter the threshold of a well-off society gradually.After a continuous follow-up observation of the deep poverty-stricken areas represented by Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,the author finds that the residents in these areas are still immersed in a set of traditional and self-consistent survival ethics.Therefore,the individual modernization cannot catch up with the modernization of their external environment.The mismatch,disharmony and imbalance not only bring great difficulties of alleviating poverty,but also lead to poverty-returning in the future.Accordingly,it is of great importance to promote the individual modernization.The first research question is that individual modernization may help alleviate stable poverty.First of all,how to define "Individual Modernization"?Individual modernization refers to the process in which the individual’s concept changes from tradition to modernity and obtains individual modernity.Based on the theory of"Individual Modernization" by American social psychologist Alex Inkeles,the author clearly define the notion of Individual Modernization.Secondly,why should we alleviate stable poverty through Individual Modernization.On the one hand,the goal of stable poverty alleviation is embedded in the goal of Individual Modernization;on the other hand,Individual Modernization provides the internal impetus to get rich.Thirdly,Individual Modernization is reconstructed with the guidance of stable poverty alleviation.What Inkeles studies is what modernity can adapt to modern social life without being eliminated;and the author’s question is what modernity can catch up with the rapid external development,so as to achieve stable poverty alleviation.Therefore,I combine the views of Max Weber,Wang Xiaoqiang and Bai Nanfeng on the values of wealth and enterprising spirit to supplement the theory.Finally,Individual Modernization has been proved that can alleviate stable poverty.Through the measurement and statistics,the author draws the conclusion that individual modernity has a strong predictive effect on the economic situation.The higher one’s modernity,the more able to improve one’s economic situation.Individual Modernization will play a very important role in the process of poverty alleviation.This paper takes Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture as an example,so we should fully understand the degree of individual modernity of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture,and explain and analyze the reasons behind it.This is the second research question of this paper.First of all,it is necessary to establish an individual modernity scale.The scale is based on the Inkeles comprehensive modernity scale and fully absorbs the quality concepts such as rational wealth view and enterprising spirit that are necessary for stable poverty alleviation.There are 8 first-class elements and 22 second-class elements.Among them,the core of the four first level elements of open attitude,self-determination,and enterprising consciousness lie in "striving to drive oneself",that is,when people are sure that they have the ability to successfully implement a certain behavior,they will have a high degree of self-efficacy.High selfefficacy is the premise and foundation of the transformation of other modern personality traits,also known as "basic traits".The basic characteristics will also be reflected in the specific characteristics.The specific characteristics can be divided into rational wealth,scientific education,independent family and equal gender according to different themes.Basic traits and specific traits together constitute the model of modern personality traits with the goal of stable poverty alleviation.The scale has passed the test of statistical reliability and validity,and has high consistency and stability.The design structure of the scale is reasonable and effective.Secondly,using questionnaire survey method to measure individual modernity.From the statistical data,the selfefficacy,gender equality and rational wealth view of Liangshan Yi show a moderate degree of modernization;the scientific concept of education has the highest degree of individual modernity;the concept of self-reliance family has the lowest level of individual modernity.The Yi area in Liangshan shows a medium level of personal modernity.However,the age of the respondents is 18-35 years old and the gender is male,so this conclusion only represents the individual modernity level of young men in Liangshan Yi area.This means that the overall modernization level of the Yi people in Liangshan should not reach the middle level.Finally,combining with the results of in-depth interviews,the author makes a full and in-depth description of the facts and analysis of the reasons for the modernization of the people in the Yi area of Liangshan,and tries to give a full picture of the modernity of the Yi people in Liangshan.Which specific factors can promote individual modernization,and how to promote individual modernization is the third research question of this paper.First of all,the modernization of human beings is influenced by external situational factors.Human beings are the products shaped by the external environment,and their values,behavior patterns and even life styles are deeply influenced by situational factors.Through empirical test,education,industrial career experience,military service experience,service industry career experience,farmers’ co-op experience,family support,urban life experience,mass media have an impact on individual modernity.Secondly,in the stage of interpretation and analysis,the author examines the evolution history of various situational factors acting on local individual modernization,and also verifies that the development level of situational elements is insufficient.Thirdly,through the analysis of the generating mechanism of situational elements,the focus of public policy implementation is found.The generation of individual modernity depends on the socialization mechanism,including setting up personal example,demonstrating organizational rules,rewarding and punishing mechanism,generalizing process and the cultivation process of mass media.Based on this,the focus of public policy and promoting the modernization of people in Liangshan Yi area mainly lies in two aspects:one is to promote the enrichment of key situational factors;the other is to make the socialization mechanism play a smooth role.The author further sums up the public policy path to promote the realization of human modernization in the deep poverty-stricken areas,which is "education as the key link,occupation as the medium,indirect factors as the environment."The basic structure of this paper is established in accordance with raising questions,verifying hypotheses,analyzing problems and solving problems."Putting forward problems" includes:the origin of research,literature review,comprehensive discussion of individual modernization theory and the construction of analytical framework;"verification hypothesis" is mainly concentrated in the third chapter of statistical analysis;"analysis problem" includes:description and analysis of the measurement results of individual modernity,analysis of the reasons for the lagging development of individual modernization in Liangshan Yi;"solving problems" refers to the policy path of improving the modernization level of local people.In the research process,the author uses the method of qualitative and quantitative analysis.In the different stages of the research,the methods of literature research,questionnaire survey,in-depth interview and statistical analysis are also used.The innovation of this study lies in:firstly,it has realized the innovation of research perspective and applied the theory of individual modernization to study how to achieve stable poverty alleviation in deep poverty-stricken areas;secondly,it has realized the innovation of individual modernity scale,designed the index system of individual modernity,which has enriched the relevant research;thirdly,this paper not only uses statistical methods to verify the hypothesis,but also focuses on analyzing the realistic reasons behind the statistical results and the public policy path to promote individual modernization.There are still some deficiencies in this study:first,there is a lack of horizontal comparative study between Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and other regions;second,the sample size is small,which limits the specific statistical process and method.