Deep Sea Exploitation Under Equipment Perspective

As for the deep sea,the human instinct is full of longing and fantasy,and based on various motivations,it creates relevant equipment for its own exploration.Since the emergence of the legends of "Alexander’s exploration of the sea" in ancient western Greece and "Lun Bozhou"(Submersible vehicle)in the Qin dynasty in China,the process has spanned the agricultural age,the industrial age and the current electronic information age,and it is likely to wait until the era of artificial intelligence to truly realize the comprehensive cognition and exploitation of the deep sea.During this period: the concept of modern submersible was first conceived in 1578,and the first manned powered submersible was first launched in 1624.Only at the end of the19 th century in the middle of the second industrial revolution did the first practical fuel-powered submarine emerge,realizing the manufacture of submersible for military purposes.In the course of this practice,human scientific knowledge of the deep sea,such as water pressure,gradually increased,and in 1872,the first global ocean scientific expedition involving deep-sea research was launched.After two world wars,human beings did not stop the practice of exploring deeper into the ocean space.First,in the 1930 s,we developed the pressure-resistant deep-diving ball to enter the deep sea,and then in the 1960 s,we successfully developed the deep-diving vehicle to reach the deepest part of the ocean.After that,the research and development ideas were changed,and based on the development of the electronic information revolution,human beings created a self-powered deep submersible.Related technologies,such as titanium alloy,were applied to military submarines in turn,enabling them to dive at great depths and increasing the technological leverage of both sides in the cold war.In the process of deep-sea practice and equipment manufacturing,deep-sea resources that are useful for human production and life have been discovered one after another.With the development of technology is accompanied by the international politics,the relevant countries realized the possibility of the future development of these resources,took the United Nations general assembly as the platform to launch the discussion on the ownership of the international seabed resources,and played a game between developing countries and developed countries around the formulation of ocean rules.Finally,the United Nations convention on the law of the sea(UNCOLS)was formed in the 1980 s,which listed international seabed resources as the common heritage of all mankind,including landlocked countries,and established a new global maritime order in favor of developing countries in the course of human history.However,with the application of new technologies on land and the discovery of new resources,and in view of the difficulty of deep-sea development,relevant equipment manufacturing and technology research and development have temporarily entered a period of slow development.However,all kinds of scientific research projects supported by international scientific organizations,including the deep sea,did not stop because of this.In the 21 st century,with the rapid development of human society and economy and the gradual depletion of land resources,the development of deep-sea resources has been put on the agenda.With the future interests of their respective development in mind,all countries in the world have embarked on a new round of maritime expansion in various ways under the global maritime order established by the convention.The international community,led by the international seabed authority,is developing some new deep-sea rules.Relying on the comprehensive Marine science and technology including the deep sea,relevant countries not only attempt to realize the exploitation and utilization of the deep-sea resources under their jurisdiction,but also hope to influence the construction of new global deep-sea rules with their strength in this aspect.But the only resources that have been exploited in the deep are fish and oil and gas,which are in danger of being depleted.Whether or not it falls within the jurisdiction of the state,the full realization of deep-sea development needs to be based on the realization of the Internet of things,big data,artificial intelligence,and robotics,and the complete realization of the fourth scientific and technological revolution marked by industrial upgrading in key areas.Future deep-sea exploration will be the ultimate embodiment of the fourth scientific and technological revolution.Because in addition to the research and development of specialized deep-sea technologies,it also needs to be combined with the Internet of things,satellite monitoring,artificial intelligence,indoor command agriculture,new energy and robotics technologies to achieve this,which can further promote the development of science and technology.At the same time,in this process,the deep-sea war crisis,ecological and environmental protection issues will certainly appear,the need for all countries in the world to work together with foresight.At present,with China’s manned deep-sea vehicle and natural hydrate development technology,global deep-sea development and deep-sea politics have entered a breakthrough era.This paper attempts to make an analytical description of the breakthrough points of this era based on the history of deep-sea exploration that human beings have gone through,and to predict the future deep-sea political pattern and make some Suggestions on China’s countermeasures according to the law of the interaction between science and technology,politics and rules.