Study On Official Admonishment Written By Emperor Xuanzong Of The Ming Dynasty

The official admonishment manuscripts,namely,official doctrines,is a special form of opus interpreted as official morality and political experience in ancient China.In recent years,as an independent social and cultural phenomenon,the culture of official admonishment has entered the research perspective of Chinese scholars,and has achieved fruitful research results.However,on the whole,there is still room for further research.Firstly,in terms of research methods,most of the achievements relatively focus on combing the internal information of the text rather than exploring the political and cultural connotation behind the text from the perspective of political system,political value,political thought or political ecology;Secondly,on the object of study,the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty as a rare official book is written by the emperor himself,but few scholars conduct thematic studies.Therefore,a comprehensive interpretation of the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty from the perspectives of official and political culture is a useful supplement to the existing academic achievements.The thesis takes the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty as the core research object,and systematically examines the background,writing subject,reading object,basic content,writing technique,circulation mode and its influence on later generations from two dimensions of static and dynamic state,on the base of which this thesis focuses on combing its two aspects of literature status and value,One,on the Cultural Aspect of Official AdmonishmentFirst,compared with the mainstream official admonishment literature,the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty has the following inherent characteristics,from the perspective of the writing subject,the mainstream official admonishment book is mostly written by officials at all levels,and the author of the admonishment is the emperor himself,which also leads to multiple differences compared with the mainstream official admonishment in tone attitude,admonishment strength and logical starting point;From the point of view of reading object,most of the mainstream official admonishments are written for all officials or specific levels(categories)of officials,and the admonishment is both comprehensive and targeted for the main officials of thirty-five(categories)state institutions.From the perspective of the central content,the mainstream official admonishment books have two orientations,‘the way to be an official’ and ‘the experience in politics’,and the admonishment has both morality and reality for officials in various positions.From the perspective of writing techniques,the mainstream official admonishment books are mostly in the form of introductions and transcripts,and the writing style is relatively free,and the admonishment adopts a rare ‘admonishment writing style of Hundred Officials’,with no exception for four words a line overall.Second,the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty prompted the Ming Dynasty and even the entire ancient Chinese official culture into a new stage of development.The admonishment has played a historic role in strengthening the style and deepening the cultural development of Official Admonishment.From the perspective of works,it has led to the surge in the number of official admonishment works in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the expansion of length,the innovation of genre and the diversification of content.From the author’ s point of view,It led to the strengthening of the main body consciousness of the creation of official admonishment in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.Not only the number of authors increased sharply,but also the political,cultural and social circles where the author lived expanded rapidly.Two,on the Aspect of Political CultureFirstly,the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty was written by the emperor himself.The statement about the obligations and morals of officials in various departments was no longer the gentle exhortation of the mainstream official admonishment manuscript,but the orders and requirements of the supreme ruler.Its spiritual essence is no longer the utilitarian appeal based on the internal interests of bureaucratic groups,but the relevant expectation of imperial power for the officials to serve the imperial country.Therefore,this work actually has no longer a literature attribute similar to the administrative and moral code,and represents the emperor’s realistic political intention of summarizing the past,managing the present and looking forward to the future.That is to say,Xuan Zong tried to use this admonition to deal with the ‘leniency’ of the dynasty’s ruling strategy,rectify the bureaucracy,and create a harmonious,healthy and orderly political ecology.Secondly,the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty in content and structure makes this work have the analysis value of the history book of the statute system,which is related to the deep intention of Xuanzong.That is,through this Proverb,Xuanzong attempts to define the functions,modes of operation,status and importance of the principal governmental institutions in writing and to make systematic and institutional integration,layout and planning of the imperial political structure.Thirdly,the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty expresses Zhu Zhanji’s ideal political order and his idea of governing the country.Macroscopically,the fundamental political appeal of the admonishment is to consolidate the ruling order of the Ming Dynasty,ensure the long-term stable development of the national political system,political situation and the orderly operation of the political process.Specifically,to achieve this goal in an all-round way,we need to start from two aspects,the overall design at the level of state organs and the moral norms at the level of bureaucratic team.Fourthly,the Official Admonishment written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty is not only a microcosm of the political ecology of the Xuande Dynasty,but also a clue connecting the evolution of the political ecology of the Ming Dynasty,and constitutes a symbol of the political culture of the Ming Dynasty and even the whole imperial era,On the one hand,the admonishment reflects the correspondence between imperial power politics and scholar-bureaucrat politics.From the perspective of power interaction,It is a positive definition of bureaucratic power by imperial power.It not only expresses the emperor’s understanding and requirements for the political role of bureaucratic scholar-officials,but also in fact it is a positive response of imperial power to the gradual active scholar-official politics since the Song Dynasty.From the perspective of political ideas and political practice,the admonishment is more highly consistent with the Confucian scholar-officials ‘political ideal of getting the monarch and doing the Tao.’ In the later history of the Ming Dynasty,the admonishment gradually condensed into an ideal political model and ‘ancestral system’ basis.It is not only widely praised among bureaucratic officials,but also directly constitutes a powerful weapon against real politics.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the public opinion field was very active,and the basic spirit was to promote morality and encourage political criticism.The admonishment was one of the deduction factors of this political culture.On the other hand,the admonishment also reflects the divergence between imperial politics and scholar-official politics.From the perspective of the spiritual core of autocratic monarchy,It is essentially the product of the development and evolution of imperial politics in the early Ming Dynasty,and follows a set of operational logic that is relatively independent of scholar-bureaucrat politics.The inner spirit mainly lies in two points,one is the authority of imperial politics,the other is the limitation of imperial politics;From the perspective of ideological origin,it also reveals the important difference with Confucian scholar-officials’ political ideas.According to the two statements of Confucius mentioned in the admonishment,the focus is mainly on the monarchy represented by ‘Zhou’,rather than the Confucian orthodoxy respected by Confucian scholars.In the imperial era,there was an inevitable conflict between the ruling and the orthodoxy.Fundamentally speaking,it was the difference between the order view and the people-oriented view,and between‘private’ and ‘public’.