The Double Implications Of Marx And Engels’ Productive Forces View

Productive power is the ultimate decisive force for social development and the most fundamental theoretical cornerstone of historical materialism.In Marx and Engels,productivity is not only a philosophical concept that runs through historical materialism,but also a political economy concept that runs through it,which makes the connotation of productivity is very rich.For a long time,the academic circles’ opinion on the dominant view of Marx and Engels’ productive forces views is: their productive forces view are scientific and technological productive forces views.The main basis is that Marx once said that “the productivity also includes science”,this can be seen as the explicit logical clue of their productive force view,that is,the first implications of their productive forces view.But through textual analysis,we will find that their outlook on productive forces also contains rich and profound ecological thoughts or thoughts in terms of ecological productive forces.For example,Marx puts "all productive forces are attributed to nature",so they can be regarded as the hidden logical clues of their productive forces view,and they have a more core and basic position and role in their productive forces view.This is another implication of their productive forces view.The two logical clues influence each other,shape each other,and complement each other,so that Marx and Engels’ views on productive forces present a clear theoretical outline and rich theoretical connotations.Only a complete and accurate understanding of the meaning of Marx and Engels’ views on ecological productive forces can make a more scientific understanding and interpretation of their views on productive forces.At the same time,only a complete and accurate understanding of the fundamental and core position of the ecological productive forces view in their productive forces view,can truly realize the ultimate value concern of all theoretical systems of Marx and Engels-the dual liberation of man and nature.At present,in the current development reality where the development of productive force in various countries around the world is in a bottleneck period and the global ecological crisis is increasingly restricting the development of productivity,deeply digging into Marx and Engels’ productive forces view has great theoretical and practical value for persisting and developing historical materialism,breaking the bottleneck period of productive force development and reducing the ecological restriction of productive force development in the contemporary era,thereby further liberating and developing productive forces.Based on this,in addition to the introduction,this article is mainly divided into the following five parts:The first part is the internal logic and historical formation of Marx and Engels’ view of productive forces.This chapter first defines the dual implication of Marx and Engels’ views on productive forces by combing related texts.Since Marx and Engels clearly stated the relationship between science and technology and productive forces in different texts many times,and believed that "productive forces also includes science",this article calls the scientific and technological productive forces view the explicit logical clue of their productive forces view.Mainly manifested in the relationship between science and technology and production labor,science and technology and capitalist criticism,and science and technology and communism.Secondly,on the basis of in-depth analysis of relevant texts and expositions,it refutes the view that some domestic and foreign scholars believe that Marx and Engels’ productive forces view are “technological determinism” lacking ecological care.Although Marx and Engels did not explicitly use the concept of ecological productive forces,but through combing,we found that their productive forces view is closely connected with the natural environment and contains rich ecological implications.This article will call it their views of ecological productive forces.It also constitutes the hidden logical clues of their productive forces view,which is mainly manifested in the relationship between the ecological productive forces and productive labor,the ecological productive forces and capitalist criticism,and the ecological productive forces and communism.Finally,it analyzes the historical generation of Marx and Engels’ productive forces view,mainly expounds the connotation of their dual implications of productivity,and analyzes the social and historical background and personal conditions of the production of their dual productive forces view,which enables us to further deepen and understanding their view on productive forces.The second part,the historical evolution of Marx and Engels’ view of productive forces.This part is based on text analysis and investigation,this chapter thoroughly combs the historical evolution trajectory of the two logical clues of Marx and Engels’ scientific and technological productive forces view and the ecological productive forces view,and summarizes the development stages of the two logical clues.On the one hand,they believe that their view of scientific and technological productive forces has three stages of development,namely: the first stage is a preliminary understanding of the promotion of science and technology in industrial production and the alienation of science and technology,which is mainly reflected in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and Outlines of a Critique of National Economy,The Condition of the Working-Class in England and The German Ideology and other early texts;the second stage is an in-depth analysis of the alienation of science and technology and the conclusion that "productivity also includes science",which is mainly reflected in The Poverty of Philosophy,Employed Labor and Capital,Manifesto of the Communist Party and Outlines of the Critique of Political Economy(Rough Draft of 1857-58)and other texts;the third stage is a comprehensive investigation of the overall effect of science and technology and a system of scientific and technological productive forces views.The summary is mainly reflected in the Machinery.Utilisation of the Forces of Nature and of Science(steam,electricity,mechanical and chemical agencies)and Capital.On the other hand,they believe that their ecological productive forces view also has three stages of development,namely: the first stage is the basic cognition of the dialectical relationship between man and nature and the contradiction between the two,which is mainly reflected in the Reflections of a Young Man on the Choice of a Profession,Letters from Wuppertal,Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature,On the Jewish Question,Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,The Condition of the Working-Class in England and other texts Medium;the second stage is a preliminary demonstration of the real solution to the contradiction between man and nature,which is mainly reflected in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and The German Ideology;the third stage is an ecological critique of capitalism.And put forward the "concept of natural productive forces ",which is mainly reflected in Capital and its manuscripts and Dialectics of Nature and other texts.Through a detailed investigation of the evolution stages of their productive forces outlook,the dual implication of their productive forces view has presented a clearer theoretical outline.The third part is the main content of Marx and Engels’ view of productive forces.First of all,as far as the scientific and technological productive forces view is concerned,its main content is the unity of its productive forces promotion effect and alienation effect.The specific manifestations are as follows: First,science is the general social productive forces with the basic characteristics of knowledge form;second,science is a revolutionary force that plays a role in history;third,the victory of technology seems to be moral Corruption came at the price.Secondly,as far as the ecological productive forces view is concerned,its main content is generally the recognition of the premise and foundation of the external nature for the development of human production.The specific manifestations are as follows: First,external nature is a necessary prerequisite for human survival and development;second,nature is the natural basis for the development of social productive forces;third,nature is the natural source of material wealth and spiritual wealth creation;fourth,human and human Natural reconciliation and reconciliation between people are the development of ecological productive forces.Finally,this chapter expounds the inner relationship between the scientific and technological productive forces view and the ecological productive forces view.It is believed that the two internal logical clues are by no means a contradictory relationship.The ecological productive forces view is not a denial of the scientific and technological productivity view,but influences and shapes each other.The dialectical and unified relations that complement each other constitute the overall vision of Marx and Engels’ views on productive forces.The fourth part is the contemporary China development of Marx and Engels’ view of productive forces.For a long time,the productive forces views of Marx and Engels have had a broad and profound impact in contemporary China.It has been inherited by the leaders of the Communist Party of China and formed a Chinalized Marxism productive forces view.On the one hand,the influence of their views on scientific and technological productivity is relatively more prominent.In China,Mao Zedong’s thesis that "the productive forces cannot be improved without engaging in science and technology",Deng Xiaoping’s "science and technology are the primary productive forces" proposition,Jiang Zemin’s science and technology innovation and the strategy of“developing the country through science and education” and Hu Jintao’s strategy of building an innovative country and Xi Jinping’s strategy of scientific and technological innovation-driven development;On the other hand,their views on ecological productive forces have successively formed Mao Zedong’s thoughts on greening the motherland,Deng Xiaoping’s thoughts on ecological governance,Jiang Zemin’s thesis that "protecting resources and environment is to protect productivity,and improving resources and environment is to develop productivity" and Hu Jintao’s scientific outlook on development and Xi Jinping’s "two mountains" theory.It can be said that these thoughts and theories are the enrichment and development of Marx and Engels’ views on productive forces under different backgrounds and economic and social development conditions.The fifth part is the important value of Marx and Engels’ view of productive forces.At present,under the development reality of China and even countries in the world where the development of productive forces has fallen into a "bottleneck period" and the ecological constraints are becoming more prominent,the productive forces view of Marx and Engels not only develop scientific and technological productive force for contemporary China and other countries in the world,and thus inject new growth energy into productivity development provides scientific theoretical guidance and theoretical support,it also provides scientific theoretical guidance and theoretical support for contemporary China and other countries in the world to develop ecological productivity,thereby minimizing the restriction of ecological deterioration on productivity development and achieving a higher level of sustainable development.