A Study On The Morphology Of Compound Words In Western And Eastern Han Dynasty

In essence,word-formation is the study of morpheme relations or rules involved in word formation.Therefore,word-formation is actually a method to study the relationship between morphemes in existing words,how morphemes form words and the rules of morphemes word-formation.When most scholars expound the word-formation of compound words in modern Chinese,they list the five basic ways of word-formation: deviation,combination,subject-predicate,predicate-object and predicate-complement.The compound word-building rules in the Han dynasty have their own characteristics.Based on the four works of "Shiji Benji" and "Yantie Lun" in the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty "Lunheng" and "Qianfu Lun",this paper makes a comprehensive investigation and in-depth analysis of the word formation of Chinese compound words in the Han Dynasty on the basis of detailed and full description of the compound words in the corpus from the perspectives of semantics and word formation,In order to sort out the whole picture of Chinese compound word formation in this period,summarize the semantic and structural characteristics of Chinese compound words in the Han Dynasty.At the same time,using synchronic and diachronic comparative study,this paper compares the word formation methods and characteristics of compound words in the Han Dynasty with those in some works of similar periods,and analyzes the law and motivation of their development.Based on the above analysis,this article believes that:First of all,as of the Han Dynasty,the joint word-building method has become the most productive word-building method in Chinese word-building,and it has a tendency to replace the predominant position of the formal word-building method.At the same time,the number of allomorphic compound words in combined compound words has changed.From the point of view of word order,there are homomorphic but different orders in the corpus,but the number has begun to decrease compared with the pre-Qin period.This shows that with the development of Chinese vocabulary,many words have been basically stereotyped,which reflects the stability of Chinese vocabulary to a certain extent.Although the number of allomorphic compound words is decreasing,they still exist in modern Chinese.Regarding the factors that cause this phenomenon,scholars believe that it mainly includes phonetics,cognitive habits(such as the solidified cognition or preference of the order of elder and child,superiority and inferiority in Chinese),and the spontaneous order of time and space(such as time expression).Follow the order of front and back,ancient and modern,left and right space expression habits,etc.).Secondly,compared with the pre-qin dynasty,the proportion of the semi-formal compound words in the Han Dynasty decreased.However,it is different from the scholars' view that "partial formal form is mainly used to form nouns,but not to form adjectives".In the four language materials studied in this paper,partial formal adjectives appear in every book,compared with the previous scholars,the amount of pre-qin period has increased,there is a certain development.In addition,there are a small number of numerals and adverbs in the four corpus-related compound words.In addition,from the Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty,the word-building forms of partial formal compounds have developed obviously,which is the most abundant type of word-building forms in compound words.In addition,in the discussion of this article,the number of subject-predicate and verb-object compound words is relatively small in the selected corpus,and the way of word formation has not changed greatly in the Han Dynasty,and most of the verbs in the verb-object compound do not have an object.Therefore,it is inferred that the verbalization degree of verb-object compound words in Han Dynasty is not high,and its development is not mature.Finally,this article involves the additional compound word,from the quantity and the constitution,the change is not big.However,close examination shows that the number of affixes has a trend of increasing gradually,such as the nominal affix "Zhe",the negative affix "Wu" and so on.Dong Xiufang believes that this is a consequence of the lexicalization of syntactic structure,that is,the lexicalization of syntactic structure results in the increase of affixes.The main innovations of this article are as follows:(1)In terms of research methods,on the one hand,in the selection of corpus for diachronic research,the core is based on the four parts of the two Han corpus,the first two parts of the Western Han corpus are cited,and the two parts of the Wei and Jin corpus are followed by the diachronic study.Comparison,it has certain value to systematically study the development trajectory and law of compound word formation in the two Hans;on the other hand,combined with data statistics and quantitative analysis,on the premise of constructing a more scientific and reasonable compound word judgment standard,the compound words in the four corpus are exhausted data statistics and comparisons in the form of percentages have achieved a quantitative analysis of the word formation of compound words in the four parts of the Han Dynasty;(2)From the perspective of research,in addition to the comparison of traditional compound word formation methods,it pays attention to the word formation and word formation of compound words.The influence of way on the meaning of morphemes.Interpreted and defined the meaning of most of the compound words involved in the selected corpus,and revealed to a certain extent the phenomenon that the structure and method of compound word formation may affect the morpheme semantics and the change of the original morpheme meaning.Induction and summary;(3)In the field of research content,the selected corpus and the diachronic comparative study with the help of corpus as mentioned above mainly focus on the data analysis and quantitative analysis of the way of compound word formation,and the joint word formation method,partial formal word formation method,etc.The data involved in the word formation method is compared horizontally and compared vertically in different periods.It is concluded that the joint word formation method has become a high-capacity word formation method in Chinese word formation in the Han Dynasty;(4)It shows that Chinese compound words were in the Han Dynasty.The development and evolution of various word formation methods.