Research On The Folk Characters Of Engraved Edition Opera In Ming Dynasty

A series of traditional Chinese drama edition and Rare Chinese Opera Collections from Japan are two sets of books.They Collected opera literature of Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasty.These materials are abundant in quantity,reliable in time,and authentic in content.They are valuable documents for language research.Among of them,the Chuanqi and Zaju in Ming dynasty are mostly photocopies.They kept a large number of folk characters,and faithfully present the situation of the engraved characters of Mill block-printed edition in the Ming Dynasty.The study of the folk characters in block-printed editions in the Ming Dynasty is of great significance to the development of Chinese characters.Collating and classification folk characters,is the basis of research.According to the type analysis,we can present the overall appearance of folk characters.Thesis selected 117 typical characters,and analyzed on the three different levels,that is strokes,components,and whole characters,specifically including stroke additions and deletions characters,the stroke variation characters,the component addition and subtraction characters,the component replacement characters,the component shift characters,and the solitary vulgar characters and conformable vulgar characters.Through the analysis and summary of the folk character types,it lays a solid foundation for the study of chronology chinese characters.The intricate and complicated phenomenon of folk character has its forming laws and reasons.Based on the overall characterization of this type of literature during this period,we focused on the factors of folk characters from three perspectives: analogy,chirography,and error.The relationship between analogy and apperception in text research is complex.The thesis clarifies the relationship between the two,and illustrates that analogy is the driving force for the formation of popular characters in Ming opera.The object on which the analogy is based in the dissertation discusses the folk characters caused by reference-related semantic analogy and the folk characters caused by reference-related grapheme analogy.By focusing on the causes of 23 individual folk characters,and 83 folk characters which contained in "utensil " and "foot" two categories,the rationale for the formation of folk characters was revealed.Chirography is also one of the important reasons for the formation of folk characters.The thesis shows the characteristics of various chirography by picture in the script of the Ming Dynasty opera.It also describes in detail the folk characters produced by transliterating the script,such as scripture,clerical script,script,and cursive script.It mainly discusses the transliteration methods such as "continuous strokes","symbol replacement","keep contour",and "general creation" and so on.Through more than 250 examples,the importance of regular script writing on the composition of popular characters was demonstrated in detail.Engraving is the external cause of the formation of folk characters.The dissertation explores the errors such as "?","?","?",and ")" in Ming Dynasty opera.In the process of engraving,the engraving worker often causes some mistakes in writing in order to simplify.This paper reveals the errors caused by carving from three aspects: “borrowing fences”,“applying shapes”,and “selecting familiarity”.By analyzing more than 70 examples of errors,it is pointed out that errors can also produce folk characters and focuses on discussing the two popular characters formed by "change of strokes" and "mixing of components".The thesis applied philological theories and methods,combined with variants texts,and explored 24 problems related to folk characters,and corrected the errors in the records and annotations in the ancient books,and reveals the application value of folk characters in the study of exegetics and textual criticism.By compiling and sorting out the folk characters carved in the Ming Dynasty opera,it Added annotated records of historical Chinese character database.Through systematic description,it showed the characteristics of the characters used in the Ming Dynasty opera cutbooks.Researched a large number of folk characters,and exploring the regularity of the folk character evolution.Diging up The internal and external causes of the formation of folk characters,and revealing the status of the common characters in the opera engraved in the Ming Dynasty in the development of Chinese characters.