A Special Study On Settlements In Gansu From The Qing Dynasty To The Republic Of China

Settlement,the basic place for human being to produce and live,is closely related to human life and evolve with the development of human society.In the process of interacting with human society,settlement itself also has its objective law.Not only the settlement growth and demise has its objective conditions.Not only the growth and perdition of settlement has its objective conditions,but also the development and evolution of it has rule to follow.Under the influence of the exterior environment and the the Internal law,settlement goes from tradition to modern times.So,the study of settlement is very essential and significant.The period from Qing Dynasty to the Republican China is an important period in China’s history,which is not only the end of our traditional era,but also the node from tradition to modern times.During this period,the international and domestic situations has been breathtaking.From the coast to inland,different regions promote sudden and gradual transition to modern times.In some extent,the process to modernization for Gansu,the corner of northwest China,represents the changes and coping styles of inland areas in this transitional period.Through the study of regional settlements in this period,we can know that the Chinese inland areas how to transform at this stage.The Geography of Settlements is a subdiscipline of Human geography,the research contents of which is relatively complex,including the settlement’s formation,development and perdition,settlement distribution,settlement pattern and the relationship between settlements and environment and so on.From the perspective of long-term development,this is the stage that every settlement must go through.However,when time is focused on a certain stage,in different geographical units,the characteristics of the development and evolution of settlements are also different.Gansu is a typical region in the northwest inland,with rich internal geographical units,the Loess Plateau subdistrict in the east,the Southern Gansu Mountainous subdistrict and the Gannan Plateau subdistrict in the south,and oasis desert area in the west.Under different geographical units,people have different ways of production and life,and the types and development rules of settlements are also different.This desertation explore the settlements under this four parts.Because the natural environment in the Gansu Corridor is relatively fragile,old settlements are dying out and new ones are growing.The extinction of the old settlements results from the deterioration of the ecological environment,while the growth of the new settlements results from the emergence of immigrants and the national fusion.Mountain area is a common geographical unit in China and also an important geographical unit in Gansu province.Because the Southern Gansu Mountainous subdistrict is relatively occlusive,the long-term development and changes in the region are relatively slow.After opening Bailong River shipping in the middle period of Qing Dynasty,this kind of circumstance changed.The opening of the Bailong River shipping had a great impact on Gansu,which not only incorporated this region into the Yangtze River basin,but also changed the spatial pattern of settlements within the region.Longzhong and Longdong loess plateau is another large topographic area in Gansu.In a relatively flat area,when traffic mode changes,the hinterland of the settlement expands,which brings vitality to the development of the settlement.In Gannan Plateau subdistrict,Tibetan Ethnic Districts,the settlements are closely related to religion,the separation and formation of which are closely related to sectarian divisions.Especially after the blo-bzang-bstan-vdzin incident in Qinghai,the Qing Dynasty energetic supported religious forces in Gannan subdistrict.Because of this,Labrang Monastery arose.Through the efforts of 5th Jiamuyang,eventually it became the leading monastery in Gannan subdistrict and even today has a great impact on Gannan subdistrict.From a general survey of the development and evolution of Gansu settlements from the Qing dynasty to the Republican China,we can know that the factor affecting the survival of settlements is firstly the natural environment.For the development of settlements,traffic conditions are the external conditions,and the development of internal resources is the internal driving force.Only under the promotion of various factors,settlements can develop prosperity and orderly.