A Study Of Degree Adverbs And Their Regional Differences In The Southern And Northern Dynasties

Since the split of the northern and southern regimes in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,for nearly three hundred years,Chinese has shown a trend of differentiation between the south and north.The Northern Chinese has absorbed some minority language components,while the Southern Chinese is influenced by Southern dialects(such as Wu dialect).It has gradually formed the coexistence of two common dialects in the South and North and many dialects in the Southern and Northern Dynasties,which are all regional variants of Chinese.The Northern and Southern Dynasties lasted nearly two hundred years,and the study of the differences between the South and North Mandarin and the variability of language contact was an indispensable part of the language study of this era.This issue has attracted the attention of linguists,but the current related research results are relatively few.This paper takes the degree adverb as the research object to explore the difference between the South and North Mandarin and the variability of language contact.The degree adverb is a very important and commonly used adverb subclass.Its classification is relatively clear,and it has many commonalities and characteristics of adverbs.This paper takes the degree adverb of the Southern and Northern Dynasties as the research object,and selects seven literature with clear geographical attributes and strong colloquialism as the basic corpus,including literature of the Southern Dynasties"Memoirs of Eminent Monks(???)","The New Accounts of the Tales of the World(????)"and"One Hundred Metaphors for Buddhism(???)"and literature of the Northern Dynasty"Qi Min Yao Shu(????)","Luoyang Buddist Temple(?????)","Xian Yu Jing(???)".Firstly,the degree adverbs are divided into two categories:static and dynamic adverbs.The former includes four sub-categories of excessive,extreme,hige and low degree adverbs,and the latter includes two sub-categories of comparative and approximate degree adverbs.Secondly,on the basis of comprehensive statistics and descriptions of adverbs of various degree adverbs in these seven literatures,combined with the literatures of various translations of Buddhist Script,novels,miscellaneous books,history books,medical books,etc,We focus on the distribution,collocation,disyllabization,the proportion of words originating from ancient modern times of various degree adverbs in the literature.In addition,this paper also studies the affixes closely related to degree adverbs,such as“yong(?),wei(?)”,and explores their sources,ambiguity,distribution and collocation in the Southern and Northern Dynasties literature.Through comparative analysis,this paper draws some differences in the use of degree adverbs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties literature.The affix "use" is typical,and most of the "X ?" appears in the literature with strong oral fluency in the Northern Dynasties,while few are found in the written language of the Southern Dynasties,so "yong(?)" is probably used in the Northern Dynasty Mandarin or dialect.There are also some degree adverbs that appear only in the Southern or Northern literature,which may be specific words in Mandarin or dialects,or affected by active morphemes,or occasionally used.Some degree adverbs are obviously more active in Northern or Southern.There are also a few differences in the Southern and Northern Dynasties' literature in terms of the degree adverbs' syntactic function,the semantics and syllable quantity of collocation objects,ect.In addition,there are also some differences between the translation of Buddhist scriptures and Chinese literature.This paper has some innovations in research methods and conclusions.Firstly,we widely used the method of quantitative statistics.All the degree adverbs of the seven books are used as the source data,and the research scope covers the literature of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in various Chinese corpus,and the research scope is wide and the statistical angle is new.Secondly,the era and regionality are the two basic dimensions of language research,but it is difficult and a large work to demonstrate the age and regional of a certain linguistic phenomenon,especially for the regionalization of the ancient Chinese language phenomenon.There are few systematic research results in this aspect presently.Based on a large number of literature statistics and retrieval methods,this paper makes a comparative study on the distribution and use of the degree adverbs of the Northern and Southern Dynasties,and discovers a new medieval affixe "yong(?)",meanwhile we has obtained some differences in the use of degree adverbs between the Southern and Northern Dynasties,and some words are likely to be the unique words in the South or North mandarin or dialect.