Ths Rosearches Of JiaMa And The Bai's Folk Belief And Life

JiaMa is a woodblock printing paper which closely relates to folk belief and life of Bai people.It mainly be used in sacrifice activities.From the aspect of it s production process,JiaMa is a kind of folk art that carves various images of gods,ghosts and monsters into wood and then prints out on the colorful cotton paper.From the aspect of use,JiaMa is a kind of block printing sheets,which is used on the sacrificial rites for blessing and pray,in order to avert a disaster by the ways of being burnt or being worshiped as oblation.Essentially,JiaMa is an important spiritual carrier and media for communication between gods and human beings.There are a lot of JiaMa remained in Bai nationality' s area,Dali have long history of using JiaMa and there are a certain number of them living in this area now.Although there is no document to prove the specific time when JiaMa appeared,based on the circumstantial evidence collected from other related field,we could assume the latest time that JiaMa has been engraved and printed by Bai people since Yuan dynasty.Nowadays,Jia Ma still plays an important role in Bai s villages' communities.JiaMa is a living form of succession.By the means of analyzing and researching JiaMa papers,people who use JiaMa during their lifetime,and people who made JiaMa as their family craft in Dali,this essay analyzed the close connection between JiaMa and folk belief,as well as the folk life of Bai people in Dali.Meanwhile,this thesis also aiming at constructing the ethnical features,existence patterns and cultural value of JiaMa in Dali area.This thesis is supported by the first hand data collected in field trip and relate historical documents;the main discourse method of this thesis is cultural analysis and some image analysis.There are several key points in this paper.Firstly,using the empirical data from different districts to take lateral comparison,this thesis studied the gods 'system of JiaMa and made the clear classification of it and then made the further analysis of its layers of structure.Secondly,this thesis paid a lot of effort to reflect the difference between the JiaMa in Dali district and in other districts and to figure out the ethnical features of Dali.Thirdly,this thesis focused on the research of the noumenon of JiaMa.Whether JiaMa is really existed doesn' t influence the appearance and existence of alleged spiritual belief.Therefore,the study has to focus on how to realize JiaMa' s social function and cultural value,instead of focusing on gods itself.Fourthly,according to analyze the usage of JiaMa in different ritual course,including the living and partially disappeared courses,this thesis tries to discover JiaMa's symbolic meaning and function in those ceremonies.This thesis also surveyed users'population structure,the cultural context of use,the heritance situation of JiaMa in different socio-political,economic and cultural conditions and prevalence situation of JiaMa in various crowds.Fifthly,from the aspect of art performance and reproduction,this thesis regarded JiaMa's images as a kind of text.By using linguistic theory to analyze the directivity of image system,the writer analyzed the method of expressing JiaMa' s semanteme and evaluated the effects of this expression method.At last,based on the theory of the cultural overlay,this paper makes a detailed image analysis of several typical JiaMa themes,and restores various cultural layers superimposed in the bai folk beliefs in erhai area of Dali.In the first chapter,the thesis made the definition of JiaMa and made the introduction of JiaMa' s origin,developing history and current inheritance situation.In the second chapter,this thesis,shows the production process of JiaMa,analyzes the elements of JiaMa its image forms,artistic features and aesthetic value from the angle of art.The third chapter focused on the ways of using JiaMa in the folk life.The researches based on the intersection of JiaMa and folk life through the festival,life etiquette,folk literature and taboos of using JiaMa.The fifth chapter shows interpretation of the relationship between JiaMa and the folk belief.focuses on the First of all,this paper analyzes the system of the gods and its ethnic characteristics of JiaMa pictures.Secondly,this paper analyzes Bai' s understanding of the gods in folk belief,by the ways of using it.At last,this paper shows the process chapter quotes the from art and linguistics theory,the article analyzes the symbolic meaning of the JiaMa of using Jiama in different kinds of folk sacrificial rites.The fifth formation and its interpretation process,the semantic characteristics and pragmatic functions,Semantic expressions and emotion idea types of JiaMa pictures.The sixth chapter is an example analysis.In this chapter,this thesis mainly selected the image of women,water god,wood god and animals of JiaMa pictures to comprehensively analyze the cultural connotation of JiaMa pictures.