Chengdu Literature And Culture In The Period Of The Late Qing Dynasty And The Repubic Of China

The literature and culture of Chengdu has get a lot of growing in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Rupublic of China.Fundamentally,it is associated with the development of economy and the stability of the society since the founding of the Qing Dynasty.At the same time,it is also related to the efforts of the local gentry to operate.Thus it appears that is called "Third wave of Sichuan history".However,some social problems also slowly taken place in Sichuan,such as the conflict between the government and the people.It makes Sichuan’s economic and social developing in trouble.In this case,some of local gentry began to introduced some changes in order to protect local interests.The founder of Zunjing Academy(尊经书院)is the most typical example.It was founded by XueHuan(薛焕)and Zhang ZhiDong(张之洞).Zhang ZhiDong made an important contribution to construction of the statue of Zunjing Academy and the cultivation of talents.His "The story of Zunjing Academy"(《创建尊经书院记》)tells the building process of Zunjing Academy,and the book is also his school program."Qiu hin language"《輶轩语》)and "Bibliographic Answers "(《书目问答》)are the guide of Zunjing Academy teachers and students.Consequently,the Zunjing Academy become the cradle of talent training in Sichuan.After Zhang ZhiDong,Wang KaiYun(王闿运)was in charge of Zunjing Academy.In his eight years in charge of the Zunjing Academy,he made a further development.Meanwhile,Wang KaiYun introduced the New Text Confucianism(今文经学)in Chengdu academia.It contributed to Shu Xue(蜀学)to change.A number of talent who were trained in Zunjing Academy make social changes in modern Sichuan possible.Firstly,Chengdu social cultural transformation embodies in newspapers and the formation of cultural space in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic China.From the first newspaper "Journal of Shu Xue"(《蜀学》),Which was set up by Song YuRen(宋育仁)in 1898.Chengdu has formed a mature newspapers and cultural space in a short span of 30 years.The prosperity of Chengdu newspaper has changed the urban cultural space structure.After the Railway Project Crisis(保路运动)and the May 4th movement(五四运动),newspaper has become an important social force in Chengdu.Apart from the political and enlightenment role of newspaper outside,it can strengthen cultural entertainment function."The entertainment time record"(《娱闲录》)is the most important comprehensive art publication in the early years of the republic of China in Chengdu.It integrated entertainment and enlightenment together.There were published a large number of literary works on the magazine.It was the harbinger of new literature in Chengdu.In the meantime,literary club were also growing.Thatched cottage literary community(草堂文学社)was one of the representative.The community focused on the writing of modern literature and social culture in Chengdu.Chengdu newspaper literature continued developing,and the golden age of literature and art ushered was appearing in the Chengdu.Chengdu newspaper literature to got fast development,similarly Chengdu university literary education and literary activity also got rapid development.National Sichuan University(国立四川大学)literary activities result more obvious.It shows that the university’s contribution on process of modern literature.Since Liu DaJie(刘大杰)and Zhu GuangQian(朱光潜)come to Sichuan University,the modern literature of university condition was greatly improved.The formation of Sichuan University’s drama club(川大戏剧社),and the foundation of the Journal of "Work"(《工作》)and "Literary Monthly"(《文艺月刊》),all of these have changed the campus literary atmosphere.Who ever-bright the city of Chengdu image from literature is Li JieRen(李劼人).His river trilogy fictions(大河三部曲)show the appearance of the city of Chengdu.With Balzac in Paris,Dickens in London,Pamuk in Istanbul,Lao she in Beijing,Li jieren is the one who constructed the city image of Chengdu.Li JieRen’s writing of Chengdu city image,which the most crucial point is that he sketched out a complete overall appearance of the city from the spatial structure.Plus he extremely delicate description with local characteristics of characters and daily life,which makes his novels reached procession which Raymond Williams said the height of the"transparency"(透明性).