The Formation Of The Literature In Northern Dynasties And The Interaction Of Literature Between South And North

In previous studies on the Northern and Southern Dynasties literature interaction,the literature spread from the Southern Dynasties to the Northern Dynasties was paidmuch more attention than the southward spread of Northern Dynastyliterature.Focusing on the Northern Dynasty literature, from the perspective ofliterature interaction and cultural exchange between Northern Dynasties and SouthernDynasties, this paper makes a complete description of the formation, development andevolution of the Northern Dynasty literature’s style characteristic, which is quitedifferent from the Southern Dynasty literature, considering from many angles andmultiple layers such as history, society, culture and system, and also in this processthe effect of the Northern Dynasty literature on the literary creation, literary conceptsand scholars’ mentality of the Southern Dynasty literature.Three goals are supposed tobe achieved in this research: an extension of the study on Northern Dynasty literatureand culture, a deepening of the research of Southern Dynasty literature and asupplement to the study on the integration of the Northern and Southern Dynastiesliterature.The full text is divided into six chapters:The first chapter is written about the Northern and Southern Dynasties divisionand the formation of the Northern Dynasties literature.After the mass migration to thesouth, which is associated with Yongjia rebellion, there exist some differences ofmany aspects such as the social environment, development conditions and thementality of intellectuals between Northern Dynasty and South Dynasty, whichprovides a foundation for the differentiation of Northern and Southern Dynastiesliterature.Having experienced the perplexity in the early period, the Northern Dynastyliterature consciously inherits strength of character in Han and Wei Dynasty andgradually forms a main kind of literary stylistic feature that is “qizhi”.The literarystyle characteristic of the Southern Dynasty becomes softer and softer, of whichvigorous style feature also develops consciously at the same time.The second chapter considers the reform of North Wei and the orthodox battlewith Southern Dynasty as the starting point, and studies the influence it has on thedevelopment of the Northern Dynasty literature.The early North Wei accepts Hancivilization from passively to actively, in whose process the Northern Wei Tuoba realizes that political stability needs support from Han scholars while the Han scholarsrecognize that the reform can’t be accomplished overnight. Therefore, the NorthernDynasty literature develops slowly with the tortuous process of the reform of NorthWei.One purpose of the Northern Wei reform is to be recognized by scholars fromruled region while the other is to struggle for the orthodox with the SouthernDynasty.In this sense, Northern Wei’s appeal for orthodox seems extremely strong asthe Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen makes endeavor on reform, system constructionand the development of literature.Concentrating on envoys, the third chapter investigates the influence of envoys’activity on the literary communication between Northern and SouthernDynasties.Based on the concrete investigation on the selection of envoys and theirspecific responsibilities, taking it as a typical case that Li Biao was sent on a missionto the Southern Dynasties by the authorities, these issues are discussed that are theattitudes towards South Dynasty culture from the upper to the envoys and theevaluation of the South Dynasty scholars on the envoys from the North Dynasty.Dueto different historical background and significant differences with the diplomacy ofpre-Qin period and Han Dynasties, the effect, which the Northern and SouthernDynasties diplomatic activities make on the communication of the literature betweenthe Northern and Southern Dynasties, can’t be ignored.The fourth chapter mainly covers the southward spread of minority music and itsinfluence on the Southern Dynasty literature. As a representative of minority music,the main characteristics of “Qiang Hu Ji” that are sad, loud, vulgar have a profoundinfluence on the literature in the Southern Dynasty, which belongs to “Heng Chui Qu”system the same as “Gu Jiao Heng Chui Qu”.The southward spread of “Chi Le Ge”,which is a folk song of the Northern Dynasty, is closely associated with thebackground, in which the army-man culture of six town area spreads to the south.TheSouthern Dynasty literature accepts and reforms the “Long Shou” image, which canreflect the attitude of the Southern Dynasty literary scholars towards the NorthernLiterary images from the side, and the application in literature.The subjects of the fifth chapter are the Buddhist moving from the North to theSouth and the north-south culture interaction, mainly studying on the form of thebehavior that Buddhist moves southward in the period between Jin and SongDynasties and commenting on the reason and the meaning.The Buddhist, especiallyrepresented by Buddhist groups of “KuaiJi” and “LuShan”, move to the South, whichhas such a close connection with the landscape images of the South Dynasty and plays a significant role in the development of poetry of landscape between Jin and SongDynasties. Besides, while the North Buddhist moves to the South, the debate betweenBuddhist from North and South is not only vital to the communication of religion andculture between the North and South, but also has an indirect meaning to theformation and development of the type of the articles related to the debate.The sixth chapter focuses on the issues that the literati and literary works of theNorth Dynasty spread southward and the reform after the literati of the South move tothe North, and also have a discussion on the meaningfulness of the communicationbetween the Northern and Southern Dynasties literature in a literary sense.Amongliterati, WenZisheng shows glorious political personality in plenty of the politicalevents happened in XiaoZhuang Dynasty, whose works spread to the south and arehighly praised by Emperor LiangWu due to the period of ChenQingzhi’s northernexpedition when the works of WenZisheng are brought to the South.LiChang fromNorth Zhou has experienced several changes on his personal literary style, which canclearly show the development track from West Wei to North Zhou, and hiscommunication with XuLing, who is the master of literature in Southern Dynasty, canalso reflect the attitude of the Southern Dynasty literature to the Northern Dynastyliterature.After YanZhitui moved to the North, as the great changes happened on theeconomic condition, the political and literature environment, his attitude towards life,politics and literature has obviously converted.Similar to YanZhitui, the literati of SuiDynasty, who are from Chen Dynasty, are pushed aside by the groups of literati fromShandong, Guanlong and the Liang Dynasty. Thus, most of their literary works areabout flattery, and sometimes they also express their dejected feeling in the works.