Internet Of Bio-nanothings For Healthcare Monitoring And Drug Delivery System

The world is now struggling to find solutions using modern information communication technologies such as the Internet of Bio-Nano Things(Io BNTs)to treat diseases of the time such as cancer,malignant tumors,and more recently,infectious viruses such as SARS-Co V-2 and COVID 19,by targeting the desired therapeutic medicaments by targeted drug delivery system(TDDS).Therefore,many researchers have focused their efforts to introduce such solutions with the help of Io BNT-based molecular communications technology.Molecular communication(MC)is an interdisciplinary research area between computer science,biology,and telecommunication.The main idea behind MC is that using biochemical signals to exchange information among naturally and artificially created bio-nano scale device over short distances.However,there are various challenges such as the design and the development of nanodevices,the coordination of molecular communication,nanodevice tracking and localization,Biocyber interface connection Io BNT security,and storage rate,storage capacity,and how to control this process in a hybrid device.These challenges have led us to propose different approaches in Io BNT paradigm to cover some of these limitations.On one hand,we first present a framework analysis comprising of a mathematical model while considered the properties of the target cell as well as the ligand receptors binding mechanism to study the effects and the variances in drug concentration that occur inside intra-body nanonetwork through Io BNT.We improved the pharmacokinetic system to achieve the desired therapeutic medicaments for delivering targeted drug molecules to the diseased cells and hence to reduce the side effects around healthy cells on the same site in the targeted BAN.The proposed scheme achieves superior performance over the state-of-the-art.Secondly,we proposed a privacy scheme-based chaotic discipline over the biocyber interface in the Io BNT paradigm.The proposed chaotic system depends on the incoming signal from medical personal to the bio-cyber interface device embedded in the human body,which is aimed at increasing the privacy of the human life and releasing the careful dose.Additionally,the proposed scheme includes BPSK modulation and feature extraction with a zero-crossing rate.Therefore,we applied the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and bit error rate(BER)to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.Moreover,the performance evaluation of this proposed scheme is evaluated by employing the compartmental models in the forward and reverse bio-cyber interface of the Io BNT paradigm.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is saving patient's life by ensuring the accurate dose released to the targeted site and decrease side effects around healthy cells in the same site compared with the state-of-the-art.On the other hand,the physical architecture(geometry design)and the development of nanodevices challenge which facing the Io BNT paradigm are addressed.We firstly propose a spherical reservoir nanotransmitter to control the released drug molecules.We study the effects of this nanodevice on the concentration inside intra-body nanonetwork.Additionally,we present a pharmacokinetic system with a mathematical model to study the effects and the variances in drug concentration by taking into consideration the distance from the center of nanotransmitter to the center of nanoreceiver.Furthermore,the simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the delivery of the dose at the target time and decrease side effects compared with the state-of-the-art.Finally,we propose an end-to-end capacity system based on molecular communication to employ on targeted drug delivery system for addressing the physical design and the coordination of the molecular communication.Therefore,we propose a spherical nanoreceiver with a cylindrical shell with adapting receptors,which results in increasing the received number of the drug molecules.Additionally,we propose a cylindrical reservoir nanotransmitter for controlling the emitted nanocarriers in the blood vessel channel to become more realistic.Moreover,we evaluate the network metrics performance such as channel capacity,throughput,and efficiency to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.Simulation results show that compared with existing works,the proposed scheme has a higher efficieny and drug molecules throughput rate.