The Effects And Electrophysiological Characteristics Of Aerobic Exercise On Self-control Function In Methamphetamine Addicts

Drug addiction is a relapsing brain disorder that can damage self-control function.Drug addicts unable to regulate their own craving for drug and produce impulsive drug-seeking behavior.Based on the dual process model of drug addiction,the drug addiction process could be divided into the control process and the automatic process.After the dysfunction of self-control in the control process,addicts would process drug cues impulsively.Previous studies have shown that aerobic exercise have positive effects on self-control.Chronic aerobic exercise regulates cognitive function by improving dopamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.At the same time,the cognitive-energetic model suggested that the self-control resources obtained from aerobic exercise could be transferred to the cognitive function to improve self-control ability.Aerobic exercise could improve methamphetamine addicts' self-control,which supported by neurocognitive and physiological evidence.Two studies(seven experiments)were used to explore the improvement of methamphetamine addicts' self-control after aerobic exercise through event-related potential technology.Firstly,experiment 1,2 and 3 in the study one aimed to explore the effect of acute exercise on the brain arousal,attentional bias,and impulsive decision-making of methamphetamine addicts through cue-induced test,dot probe and delayed discounting task.Secondly,experiment 4,5 and 6 in study two further explored the improvement of the impulsive process of methamphetamine addicts after chronic exercise.Experiment 7 established the path analysis of aerobic exercise improving methamphetamine addicts' the self-control through the results of experiment 4,5 and 6.The following results were showed from seven experiments.Experiment 1-(1)The alpha wave energy significantly increased when looking at the drug cue after acute aerobic exercise;Experiment 2-(2)The attentional bias score significantly decreased after acute aerobic exercise;Experiment 3-(3)Methamphetamine addicts' impulsive choice significantly decreased after acute aerobic exercise;Experiment 4-(4)highand moderate-intensity chronic aerobic exercise could reduce the subjective drug craving of methamphetamine addicts;The alpha wave energy significantly increased and negatively correlated with subjective drug craving after chronic exercise;Experiment 5-(5)The attentional bias score significantly decreased after high-and moderate-intensity chronic aerobic exercise;P2,N2 and P3 amplitudes significantly decreased in the moderate-intensity exercise group after chronic aerobic exercise;Experiment 6-(6)Chronic moderate-intensity aerobic exercise could significantly decreased methamphetamine addicts' impulsive choice with N2 and P2 amplitudes increased;Experiment 7-(7)After moderate-intensity chronic aerobic exercise intervention,the alpha wave energy value could positively affect the P2 component of impulsive choice,and negatively affect the P3 component of attentional bias.P2 component of impulsive choice would negatively affect the N2 component of impulsive choice.The P3 component of attentional bias would positively affect the N2 component of impulsive choice and the impulsive choice.The N2 component of impulsive choice would positively affect impulsive choice.Based on the results,we get the following conclusions:(1)Chronic aerobic exercise could reduce the brain arousal of methamphetamine addicts and their subjective craving in the state of drug craving.(2)Aerobic exercise could reduce methamphetamine addicts' attentional bias towards drug-related stimuli.Chronic aerobic exercise could strengthen the control of attention and improve the automatic process of methamphetamine addiction.(3)Acute and chronic moderate-intensity aerobic exercise could reduce impulsive decision-making among methamphetamine addicts.Chronic moderate-intensity aerobic exercise could accelerate early information processing and conflict detection and producing stronger self-control in the face of conflict to make more appropriate decisions.(4)Path analysis suggested that after chronic moderate-intensity aerobic exercise,methamphetamine addicts have decreased their brain arousal under drug-related cues and reduced attentional bias,thereby reducing impulsive decision-making.