| Objective:Intervention with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with alcohol use disorder.Through the classical cognitive psychology experimental paradigm,Oddball and Go/NoGo paradigm in combination with event-related potentials,we tested the cognitive impairment of patients with alcohol use disorder and whether repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation could improve the cognitive function of patients with alcohol use disorder.Method:By setting the experimental group and the control group,the subjects are randomly selected by the random number method.Collect the subjects' demographic data,cognition level,and drinking level.The experimental group used repetitive high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation at 10 Hz for 14 consecutive days,and the stimulation target was selected as the left lateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.In the control group,sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was used for 14 consecutive days.Before and after true and sham transcranial magnetic stimulation,the cognitive psychology experiment oddball and Go/NoGo paradigm were completed respectively,and the behavioral data of the subjects were collected.While the subjects completed the psychology paradigm,a 64 channel electrode cap was used to collect the subjects' EEG data.Through EEG preprocessing,the N170 and P3 components of event-related potentials were extracted in oddball paradigm,and the N2 and P3 components of event-related potentials were extracted in Go/NoGo paradigm.In terms of behavior,compare the differences in behavior between the experimental group and the control group in oddball paradigm and Go/NoGo paradigm;after true and sham repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation,the changes of behavioral indicators before and after the stimulation were compared through paired t test and independent sample t test.In terms of EEG,compare the effects of different types of visual picture cues on the components of event-related potentials;after true and sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to find the significance of main effects and interaction effects,if there has interaction effect,then simple effect analysis was used to further analyze the specific change indicators.Results:There was no statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of drinking level,cognition level and demographic data.In the behavioral aspect of Chapter 2,in the Oddball paradigm,the reaction time(P=0.008)and accuracy(P=0.016)in alcohol-related cues were significantly improved in the experimental group after 14 10Hz of rTMS intervention.In GO/NoGo paradigm,there was no statistical difference in Go response time and NoGo accuracy before and after rTMS intervention.The results of Chapter 3 showed that the amplitude of N170 evoked by Oddball paradigm was significantly negative in the experimental group after rTMS intervention compared with before intervention,O1,(P=0.002);O2,(P=0.032);PO7,(P=0.043);PO8,(P=0.037).Meanwhile,the amplitude of N170 in the experimental group after rTMS intervention was significantly negative than that in the control group,O1,(P=0.008);O2,(P=0.026);PO7,(P=0.031);PO8,(P=0.005).RTMS intervention had no significant effect on N170 latent period.In terms of P3 amplitude evoked by Oddball paradigm,before rTMS intervention,the P3 amplitude induced by low frequency cues was larger than that evoked by high frequency cues,and the difference was statistically significant.After rTMS intervention,the amplitude of P3 in the experimental group was significantly lower than that before intervention,F3,(P=0.006);F4,(P=0.001);Fz,(P=0.002);CZ,(P=0.002);Pz,(P=0.011).Meanwhile,after rTMS intervention,the P3 amplitude of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group,F3,(P=0.119).F4,(P=0.003);Fz,(P=0.009);Cz,(P=0.011).RTMS intervention had no significant effect on P3 latent period of Oddball paradigm.The results of Chapter 4 showed that in the N2 evoked by the Go/NoGo paradigm,the amplitude of N2 in the experimental group after rTMS intervention was significantly negative compared with that before intervention,F3,(P=0.015);F4,(P=0.010);Fz,(P=0.003);Cz,(P=0.022);Pz,(P=0.040).After rTMS intervention,the N2 amplitude of the experimental group was significantly negative compared with that of the control group,F3,(P=0.003);Fz,(P=0.008);Cz,(P=0.018);Pz,(P=0.001).RTMS intervention had no significant effect on N2 latent period.In Go/NoGo paradigm P3,the amplitude of NoGo-P3 of the two types of background cues in the experimental group was significantly negative after rTMS intervention compared with that before intervention.Under neutral background,F3,(P=0.009);F4,(P<0.001);Fz,(P<0.001);Cz,(P=0.003).Under alcohol background,F3,(P=0.024);F4,(P<0.001);Fz,(P<0.001);Cz,(P=0.002).After rTMS intervention,the amplitude of NoGo-P3 in the experimental group was significantly larger than that in the control group.Under neutral background,F3,(P=0.007);F4,(P<0.001);Fz,(P=0.001);Cz,(P=0.025).Under alcohol background,F3,(P=0.017);F4,(P<0.001);Fz,(P=0.001);Cz,(P=0.026).In terms of P3 amplitude evoked by different cues,there was no significant difference in P3 amplitude evoked by different cues before rTMS stimulation.After rTMS intervention,the amplitude of NoGo-P3 in the experimental group was larger than that of Go-P3,the difference was significant,F3,(P=0.001);F4,(P<0.001);Fz,(P=0.002);Cz,(P<0.001).In terms of P3 latency,the P3 latency of the experimental group after rTMS intervention was significantly shorter than that before intervention,F3,(P<0.001)F4,(P=0.020);Fz,(P=0.023);Cz,(P=0.010).After rTMS intervention,the latent period of P3 in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group,F3,(P=0.016);F4,(P<0.001);Fz,(P=0.001);Cz,(P=0.024).RTMS intervention had no significant effect on the latency period of P3 induced by different cues.Conclusion:1.14 times of 10Hz rTMS interventions can improve the response time and accuracy of alcohol-related cues in Oddball paradigm in patients with alcohol use disorder,which means improved executive function.2.14 times of 10Hz rTMS interventions had a clear effect on N170 and N2 components of early ERP components in patients with alcohol use disorder,which was manifested as increasing the negative amplitude of N170 and N2,and improving the cognitive processing ability of visual cues,cognitive control and response inhibition ability of patients with alcohol use disorder,respectively.The rTMS at 10Hz had no significant effect on the latency period of N170 and N2 in the early ERP components.3.In the oddball paradigm,14 times of 10Hz rTMS stimulation for the ERP late component P3,it can reduce the amplitude of P3 and enhance the ability of attention and working memory of patients with alcohol use disorder;In the Go/NoGo paradigm,the amplitude of NoGo-P3 can be increased,and the cognitive control and response inhibition ability of patients with alcohol use disorder can be increased.In the latent period,14 times of 10Hz rTMS interventions could not significantly affect P3 latent period in Oddball paradigm.However,rTMS intervention can shorten the latency period of P3 in Go/NoGo paradigm and improve the cognitive processing speed in patients with alcohol use disorder. |
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