| Xiaoxiang goat is a local characteristic goat breed in Guizhou province.Because of the characteristics of tender and fragrant and fresh,the meats of Xiaoxiang goat is favored by consumers and has a good market prospects.However,Leishan County warm in winter and cool in summer and abundant in rainfall,which conducive to the growth of parasaites,these parasites seriously affect the development of Xiaoxiang goat industry.the large-scale use of ivermectin(abamectin),praziquantel and albendazole to prevention and control parasitic diseases in goats and leads to drug residues and animal food safety hazards.Therefore,it has become an urgent problem for the goat industry to find a Chinese herbal medicine that is non-toxic to goat and has no residue and can effectively prevent and treat parasitic diseases instead of antibiotics.In this study,the epidemiological investigation of three kinds of worms in Leishan County was carried out,At the same time,the physical and chemical stability of the decoction of Melia azedarach skin and the chemical composition of Chinese dieffenbachia sinensis were tested,the poisoning and detoxification test of Melia azedarach skin decoction on the treatment of three kinds of helminosis of Melia azedarach sheep and the effect of the decoction on the reproductive performance of Melia azedarach sheep were carried out,and the following results were obtained.1.Epidemiological investigation of three kinds of helminths in Xiaoxiang goat.The epidemiological status of three kinds of worms in xiaoxiang goat in Leishan county were investigated by means of naked eye observation and microscopic examination and enzyme-linked immunoassay method.The results showed that,Three kinds of worms were detected in most Xiaoxiang goat farms,among which the infection rates of tapeworms,lungworm and fasciola hepatica were 45.11%,31.47% and 27.27%,respectively.There were mixed infection of three kinds of worms was 25.42% in small-scale farms and 57.14% in scattered farms,difference is extremely significant.There was no significant difference in the infection rate of tapeworm throughout the year(The infection rates of tapeworm were 50%,39.29%,39.47% and 55.17% in spring,summer,autumn and winter respectively),but the infection rate of lungworm and Fasciola hepatica in summer were significantly higher than that in other three seasons(The infection rates of lungworm were33.8%,42.86%,17.11% and 31.03%,the infection rates of Fasciola hepatica were 25%,42.86%,9.21% and 31.03% in spring,summer,autumn and winter respectively).The infection rates of the three kinds of worms were not significantly different at different altitude and different nutritional conditions.there was no significant difference in the infection rate of tapeworm between dams and kids of Xiaoxiang goats(Dams infection rates of tapeworm were 25% and kids infection rates of tapeworm were 17.78%),but there was significant difference in the infection rate of lungworm and liver fluke(Dams infection rates of lungworm and Fasciola hepatica were 25% and 16.67%,kids infection rates of lungworm and Fasciola hepatica were 6.67%and 0).These results showed that the infection of the three kinds of worms was not affected by season,region,altitude,type of farm and nutritional conditions in xiaoxiang sheep over half a year old..2.Physical and chemical stability tests on azedarach decoction and Chemical Analysis test on Chinese Wannianqing.Azedarach decoction(500 crude drug mg/m L)was prepared by three-step herbal decoction method and stored in test tubes.The color,p H value and content were carried out at the 1st,90 th,180 day.The decoction of Chinese Wannianqing(400 crude drug mg/m L)was prepared by boiling with water and its partial chemical composition was determined.The results showed that Azedarach decoction is yellow,p H is 5.0,and the content of neem is 5.35mg/m L.After6 months sealed storage,the color of the decoction did not change,the p H of the decoction and the content of neem azedarach did not change.Which indicated that the physical and chemical properties of the Azedarach decoction were stable.The Chinese Wannianqing has more chemical components of strong heart action.3.Safety evaluation of azedarach decoction on xiaoxiang goats and test on Chinese Wannianqing decoction alleviating toxicity of azedarach decoction.30 kg to 40 kg Xiaoxiang goats were given different doses of azedarach decoction(500 crude drug mg/m L)by oral administration and injection respectively,and the poisoned goats were detoxified by taking orally Chinese Wannianqing decoction(400 crude drug mg/m L);adult bucks with strong sexual behavior and 2 litters of twin does were fed 60 m L azedarach decoction with corn flour for consecutive 2 days.The results showed:(1)The average toxic dose by oral medication was 580 m L,and by injection method was 120 m L,Most of the toxic goats were detoxified successful by taking 100 m L Chinese Wannianqing decoction(400 crude drug mg/m L)orally.GPT,GGT,BUN,TBIL,ALP were all increased after xiaoxiang goats were poisoned,however,TP,ALP,CRE,IP,TCHO,GLU,GLOB and Ca were decreased.all the biochemical indexes were restoring after 5th day and returned to normal state after 10 th day.(2)the sexual behavior of bucks were no change,howeve the sperm density and sperm motility rate decreased significantly,and the sperm malformation rate increased significantly.After 30 days,the sperm density and sperm motility rate of the bucks completely recovered,but not the sperm malformation rate.(3)Ovulation of does during the estrous was significantly affected.no conceive after mating.However,ovulation were not influenced with the next oestrus,the does were in estrus normally,and could conceive successfully after mating and give birth to healthy kids,and the sex ratio of kids was not affected.Indicating that azedarach is toxic,The toxic dose is different by oral medication and injection method.The blood biochemical indexes changed when xiaoxiang goats were poisoned,The Chinese Wannianqing decotion is an effective antidote to the poisoning of neem azedarach goat.The blood biochemical indexes of Xiaoxiang goats could return to normal state after the neem was completely expelled from the body;sperm density,sperm motility,sperm deformities of bucks,oestrus,ovulation,conception and kiding of does were affected by taking orally 60 m L azedarach decoction(500 crude drug mg/m L),but the reproductive performance could be recovered when the neem was completely removed from goats body.4.The treatment effect of azedarach decoction on three kinds of helminthiasis.Xiaoxiang goats which were infected with tapeworm,fasciola hepaticabe and lungworm were fed or injected with different dose Azedarach decoction respectively.The results showed that:The treatment effect of injection method is better than the treatment effect of oral medication when Azedarach decoction are given at 40 m L or 50 m L dosage,but the treatment effect of injection method was similar to that of oral medication when dosage is 60 m L.These results indicate that the Azedarach decoction has good therapeutic effect on three kinds of helminth of Xiaoxiang goat.In conclusion,the infection of tapeworm,lungworm and fasciola hepatica of xiaoxing goats in Leishan County was not affected by seasons,growth stages,breeding scales,rearing condition,altitudes.The toxic dosage to goats is different by oral medication and injection method.The blood biochemical indexes of xiaoxiang goats changed when xiaoxiang goats were poisoned,Chinese Wannianqing decotion is an effective antidote to the poisoning of neem azedarach goat.More than60 m L azedarach decoction with neem 5.35mg/m L had good therapeutic effect on the three kinds of helminths of Xiaoxiang goat by oral medication or injection method.However,azedarach decoction has bad action on the reproductive performance of both males and females. |
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