| In response to global warming and frequent marine disasters,the international community reached general awareness of the multiple effects of the coastal shelter belt,and the research on its comprehensive benefits is becoming more and more thorough.It is not only a global consensus to build a scientific and sustainable-developing system of coastal shelter belt,but also a strategic choice and an urgent task for countries with sea coasts.The northern Jiangsu coast has been the largest sea area due to the nearly 953.9 kilometers coastline and more than 6520.6 square kilometers of shallows.Due to such factors as geographical location and crossings of land and sea,the northern Jiangsu coast often suffers from marine disasters.It is particularly important to speed up the building of costal shelter belt in the northern area in Jiangsu.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,great importance has been attached to the construction of the coastal shelter forest system by both the Party and the government.Based on the development results of the coastal protection forest construction in northern Jiangsu province,the development process can be roughly divided into two major periods and six phases.The first period was before the Reform and Opening up.This period can be divided into three phases:the phase of exploration and preparation of the coastal forest system in northern Jiangsu(from the beginning of 1949 to 1956),the phase of initial formation(1957 to 1965)and the phase of development of retardation(from 1966 to 1978).The second period was after the Reform and Opening up,this period can be divided into three phases:the phase of the recovery development(1979 to end of 1980),the phase of rapid development(from the beginning of 1990 to the end of 1990),and the phase of improvement(2000 until now).There are reasons for the development of construction of the coastal shelter forest system in northern Jiangsu.First of all,great significance has been attached by the first generation with the leadership from Mao Zedong.Premier Zhou Enlai repeatedly proposed that "the business of afforestation is "Hundred-year Plan" and should be "processed with great efforts".On the other hand,during the war of liberation,the farmers in northern Jiangsu have offered great supports for great consumption of timber and forests in rural areas.It is necessary to quickly resume the development of forestry in northern Jiangsu,Secondly,at the beginning of the founding of New China,the construction of farmland water conservancy projects across the country,the marine economy has also been strengthened,resulting in vigorous development of the protection forest system in northern Jiangsu.The construction of the shelter belt system in northern Jiangsu began with the overall deployment of the government,focusing on the improvement of saline-alkali land,breeding of afforestation species,and afforestation.The early tasks mainly includes:improving the administrative system,establishing scientific research institutions,setting up full-time management institutions,adjusting the education system,and calling for afforestation.From 1952 to 1965,there were plans to build coastal coastal shelter forests.The construction of coastal shelter forests is combined with the construction of farmland water conservancy in northern Jiangsu,the reclamation of agriculture,and the management of salt soil.Taking afforestation as the main job,we will focus on the progress of salt soil improvement,the collection and reorganization of meteorological data,the improvement of afforestation work institutions,and the development of scientific research.The construction of coastal shelter forest system in northern Jiangsu has always been based on the state-owned farms as the main force,pioneers,the successive establishment and development of state-owned farms,as well as the population migration and afforestation activities in reclamation areas,which has a positive and significant significance for the development of coastal afforestation.During the Cultural Revolution period,the construction of coastal shelter forests also suffered serious setbacks,with the abolition of working institutions,the decentralization of staff,and the weakening of scientific research.Under the banner of "taking grain as the guiding principle",some shelter forests were cut down and nurseries were replanted with food crops,which greatly affected the development of coastal shelter forests in Northern Jiangsu.After reforming and opening up,the construction of coastal shelter belt system in northern Jiangsu coast also can be divided into there stages including the stage of recovery and development,the stage of rapid development and the stage of perfection and improvement.During this period,the second comprehensive survey of coastal zone and special survey of "908" were carried out,a large number of first-hand data were formed,and systematic monographs were compiled,which effectively promoted the construction of shelter forests.At the same time,the government vigorously promotes afforestation by the whole people and summarizes afforestation experience.In terms of construction technology,researches should be carried out on afforestation seedling reproduction technology,afforestation,introducing excellent afforestation tree species,and wetland protection and coastal climate effects,which will greatly promote the development of protection forest construction system in northern Jiangsu.During the practice of construction of the afforestation,it has developed its own afforestation characteristics.It summarizes the characteristics of the formation of long-term afforestation practice,mainly focuses on coastal afforestation and "green" and "focus on coastal afforestation,forest" with the construction,paying attention to coastal afforestation and "net" and "focus on the isomorphism,coastal afforestation collocation,a variety of focus on coastal afforestation and "many" functions.The dynamic factors of the rapid construction of the shelter-belt system are analyzed.It is mainly the development of national tradition,the promotion of national will,the strong support of economic development and the effective support of scientific and technological progress.Over the years,the construction of shelter forest system in northern Jiangsu has played an important role in improving the ecological environment,obviously preventing and reducing damage and reducing disasters and accelerating the release of comprehensive social benefits.There are also problems existing in the construction of coastal protection forest system in northern Jiangsu Province from four aspects:the not high overall level,the lacking policy system,the restricted contradiction between humans and land,and the lagging supporting measures.On this basis,seven suggestions are put forward,that is,overall consideration of all parties,scientific positioning function,careful inspection of gaps,promotion of multi-regulation integration,combing of regulations and provisions,and formation of a policy system,setting up guiding fund,establishing mechanism of award and compensation,increasing R&D,strengthening support of science and technology,highlighting ecological benefit,paying attention to comprehensive development,coordinating the strength of all sides,strengthening organization and leadership,strengthening dynamic monitoring,and issuing announcement regularly.Theconstruction of Coastal Shelter-belt system in Northern Jiangsu Province has a profound and complex background.The northern coast of Jiangsu Province is formed by the combined action of many factors.The coastal areas of northern Jiangsu Province basically have the forest land conditions and environment for planting trees,and a series of mature afforestation tree species selection and stand optimization model have been formed.There are multiple motives and some of them are Jiangsu characteristics for afforestation along the coast of northern Jiangsu Province.The coastal protective forest system has a positive effect on improving the regional climate. |
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