| As the rapid urbanization has exacerbated the conflict between the population growth and the shortage of land resources,buildings tend to sprawl vertically.The high-rise buildings tend to be higher and higher,and toward kilometer-scale.Much research on super high-rise buildings is still in the early stage.It is crucial to investigate the design and construction technology in order to build kilometer-scale skyscrapers.This thesis focuses on HVAC design for kilometer-scale skyscrapers,including the selection of outdoor design parameters,energy system design strategy,system zoning using modular design,the approach to deal with chimney effect,and etc.The result will provide answers to the key issues on HVAC design for kilometerscale skyscrapers.The vertical climate characteristics is analyzed by long-term modeling of regional climate conditions.A correction method is proposed for outdoor design parameters.The cooling loads at different floors of kilometer-scale skyscrapers are determined by the corrected vertical climate profile.Hence,the principle of vertical variation in cooling loads is obtained.Low-energy design is applied to floors in the high zone of kilometer-scale skyscraper.Simulations has been carried out to analyze the influence of climate,building envelope,heat recovery ventilation and energy strategy on cooling loads at floors in the high zone and annual energy consumption.Energy demand of kilometer-scale skyscrapers is analyzed based on their features of large vertical height,huge building volume and complex functions.The strategy for energy and power systems is studied for a real kilometer-scale skyscraper.The feasibility is discussed to apply combined cooling,heating & power,energy storage,and wind energy to the real kilometer-scale skyscraper.A strategy to use multiple energy sources is proposed for kilometer-scale skyscrapers.The water and air loops of the air condition system,smoke system,and energy system are analyzed.The issues on working radius,pressure,and transportation are solved based on rational vertical zoning that also optimizes design procedure.By optimizing pipe well and plan layout of HVAC room,the thesis studies the design technology on modular prefabricated vertical pipe and assembled HVAC room.The thesis proposes the approach on modular HVAC zoning and ensures the fast and standardized construction of kilometer-scale skyscrapers.Finally,this thesis investigates the principle of buoyancy driven ventilation,and analyzes the impact of stack effect on building chimney effect.The chimney effect is reduced by air-tight envelopes,interior horizontal and vertical partition,and pressure increase.In summary,a correction method is proposed for outdoor design parameters to calculate cooling loads due to vertical climate variation and used to determine cooling loads for kilometer-scale skyscrapers.The correction method will provide fundamental knowledge for thermal load calculation and energy simulation of kilometer-scale skyscraper.The proposed energy strategy using multiple energy source and low-energy technologies set an example for sustainable,low-energy and low-carbon design for super high-rise buildings.The simplified modular design concept and integrated prefabricated mechanical and electrical assembly technology support fast and high-quality construction of super high-rise buildings. |
