| In recent years,in order to make full use of market mechanisms to promote the development of the renewable energy sources(RES),the market-led resource allocation mechanisms such as the tradable green certificate(TGC)mechanism and the carbon emission(ET)trading mechanism have been put forward to gradually replace the existing feed-in-tariff subsidies.At the same time,the wind and light spillage caused by the rapidly installed capacity growth in the earlier stage is still severe in the "three north" regions.Meanwhile,the distributed RES promotion policies such as “photovoltaic poverty alleviation” increase the distributed RES power generation and bring pressure to renewable energies accomodation at the distribution network level.Demand response can mobilize the demand side to adjust the electricity consumption behavior to cooperate with the output curve of RES through appropriate incentives,thereby alleviating the integration pressure caused by the large amount of RES power and maintaining stable and safe operation of the grid.Under this background,how to design a reasonable renewable energy consumption mechanism is an urgent issue to be studied to increase the profit and promote the long-term development of the renewable energy.Based on this opportunity,this thesis conducts research on the renewable energy integration mechanisms and key technologies considering demand response.The development path of centralized renewable energy and distributed renewable energy under the new marketbased incentive mechanisms is studied;then integration mechanism of centralized and distributed renewable energy considering demand response is proposed to release the RES integration barriers.Aiming at the key technical problem of the trading method among renewable energy generators and demand response resources in the proposed integration mechanisms,a series of blockchain-based market trading mechanism designs from the basis to the advanced level are proposed.This thesis provides a new idea for solving the RES consumption problem,expanding the profitable channels of the RES generators,and promoting the long-term development of renewable energy.The main work includes:(1)The promotion role of the demand response in promoting the renewable energy development under the TGC mechanism and the ET mechanism is studied: the conduction processes of the price of the green certificates and the emission permits are teased out;based on the system dynamics method,the interaction model of TGC market,ET market and electricity market is established.For the power market,detailed modeling is carried out from three parts: wholesale market with centralized renewable energy participation;retail market with distributed renewable energy participation;and demand response.The model analyses the role of demand response in renewable energy integration and the RES develop roadmap,which has the prominent advantage of considering the nonlinear relationship,time-varying phenomenon and the interactions among different market entities.(2)Based on the key point of the integration mechanism of the centralized renewable energy got from the foregoing analysis,the excess RES paid consumption mechanism is put forward to encourage the centralized RES generators to purchase local DR resources to realize bundling integration.Three indicators are put forward to evaluate the negative impacts imposed by the RES on power systems,and using these indicators,the purchasing price of RES power is set by the system operator to encourage RES generators to improve their output curve by purchasing the DR supporting services products actively.Then,to analyze the effect of paid excess RES integration mechanism,a bi-level optimization model is developed by considering the purchasing price rules,the indicators and the price of the DR resources,which can help the RES generators make the wholesale market bidding strategy and the DR resource purchasing strategy.(3)Based on the key point of the integration mechanism of the distributed renewable energy got from the foregoing analysis,the effects of two common integration mechanisms(the storage configuration mechanism and the DR resource transaction mechanism)is analyzed.Applying the precise modeling and timely sequential simulation idea,a simulation model is established by the Grid Lab-D software to analyze the proposed market participation model,and the short-term consumption effect of the integration mechanism is quantitatively evaluated.A joint simulation model of Grid Lab-D and the above system dynamics model are constructed to analyze the long-term influence of the integration mechanisms on distributed renewable energy.(4)On the basis of the foregoing analysis of the integration mechanisms of renewable energy considering the demand response,the trading methods based on the blockchain are proposed.The fundamental mode trading mode,the transaction process and the relevant smart contracts are designed for the transactions among centralized RES generators and DR resources,as well as the transactions among distributed RES generators and demand side resources.The trading methods are tested on the blockchain platform,to achieve a low-cost trading among market participants without trust.(5)On the basis of the basic blockchain-based trading methods,the advanced blockchainbased DR resources trading methods considering privacy protection and congestion management are proposed.The market clearing optimization model is transferred into a quotation–negotiation iterative process,which enables the privacy protection of the market participants;and ensures transaction transparency by excuting the process completely on-chain.Aiming at congestion problems caused by decentralized transaction,based on the previously proposed market clearing optimization model and the idea of dynamic price subsidy,a decentralized congestion-concerned blockchain-based market clearing model is proposed,which realizes the on-chain solution and ensures the openness and justice of congestion management. |
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