Spatial And Temporal Characteristics,Mechanism And Effects Of Shantytowns Transformation In Metropolis

Urban shantytowns transformation is process of urban renewal and social space reconstruction,which can improve residents' housing conditions,promote urban renewal,expand domestic demand,drive new urbanization,increase housing supply and regulate the real estate market,meanwhile,it is also an important policy to eliminate poverty,prevent the expansion of poverty and solve the imbalance and insufficient development.Academically,shantytowns transformation provided a large number of empirical evidence,but also its positive and negative effects caused considerable controversy: whether shantytowns transformation brought exclusion in space and deprivation in culture to the relocation residents,or made the important contribution to eliminating urban poverty.Western research on shantytowns,slums and other similar topics,which have nearly a century history,the relevant research in China started at the end of the 20 th century,and is obvious different due to the historical background.Based ontheories of urban social space,entrepreneur government and inter-governmental relations,this paper attempts to analyze the reconstruction process,mechanism and effect of shanty towns in Nanjing,discuss the reconstruction process and comprehensive effect of shantytowns under the background of new urbanization,as well as the function mechanism of poverty space from dispersion to agglomeration,enrich the research perspective and practical cases of urban social space transformation,deepen and extend the research connotation of urban poverty social space.Taking Nanjing as an example,through a lot of macro dada of longtimespan,census,basic living allowance,affordable housing construction,the whole tracking investigation of target site andthedata processing,this paper analyzes the evolution process and pattern of shantytowns in Nanjing in four stages,which is before the founding of the People's Republic of China,from the founding of the People's Republic of China to before the reform and opening up,from the early stage of housing reform,and since the implementation of the shantytown reform policy.According to the ownership of land,the shantytowns are divided into two types:state-owned land and collective land shantytowns.Through empirical analysis,this paper compared the social spatial characteristics of the two types of shantytowns and the characteristics of relocation and resettlement residents;three levels of political environment,social environment and individual behavior,the comprehensive driving force model and explanatory framework of shantytowns reconstruction;then discuss the spatial,economic,social and adverse effects brought about by the reconstruction of shanty towns.Finally,through the analysis and review of the formulation and implementation of the national and local policies for the reconstruction of shantytowns,the paper puts forward some suggestions on the optimization of the space policy,resettlement policy and fund policy for the reconstruction of shantytowns.Shantytowns,as a type of urban living space with a long history,are the epitome of urban development.After the reform of the housing system in 1998,the spatial coupling relationship between shantytowns and urban poor population gathering areas has been fully established,and the "urban village" on the edge of the inner city and in the suburbs of the city has become the main spatial carrier of shantytowns.Shantytowns with different ownership have significant differences in spatial distribution,residents' attributes,relocation patterns and implementation effects,and there is a mismatch between the needs of vulnerable groups and policy preferences.Shantytowns transformation is essentially the process of social space resources reproduction and redistribution process;in the context of neoliberal globalization competition,the essence is the result of local governments seeking their own interests under the policy framework in order to complete the top-down political tasks based on comprehensive considerations of economic,political and social benefits.The driving mechanism includes political environment factors,social production factors and individual behavior factors.Through the optimization of inter-governmental relations,space policy and resettlement policy,the social equity and space justice in the shantytowns reconstruction can be realized to the maximum extent.