| As one of the most important pollutants emission sources in China,biomass burning posed effects on air quality,climate change and human health.The biomass burning emission inventory is one of the hotspots in these researches.However,there are still many problems and deficiencies about the biomass burning emission inventory which need to be better resolved.The emission factors lied on the limitation of sampling conditions,which cannot truly represent the emissions in different regions.At the same time,emission factors at the PM component level are very scarce.In addition,the insufficient or lacked biomass activity data further limits the accuracy and continuity of the emission inventory.Due to the lack of corresponding emission inventories,the regional air quality and human health researches based on biomass burning emission quantification were also limited.To resolve the problems in current researches,this study developed the typical biomass burning emission inventories in China,including multi-year emission inventory,key components emission inventory and typical source emission inventory by the view of optimized biomass activity data and the emission factors.Based on the emission inventories,the high emission evolution characteristics and the driving forces for these variation in China were estimated.At the same time,the source identification and human health risk were evaluated.This study filled the research gap of biomass burning emission invenory in China,and provided scientific support for the biomass burning emission prevention and control policies.The key points in this thesis are:（1）The biomass activity data were improved based on multiple satellite data,field survey and biomass amounts estimation.Compared to the single satellite data,the emission estimation and spatial-temporal variation based on multiple satellite data could be more close to the real situation.The fire radiation power data eliminated the effects of emission parameters on emission calculation.The straw burning proportion data and forest biomass data were supplemented based on the field investigation and biomass data calculation.Meanwhile,the emission factors for different biomass types in different regions were measured based on the dilution sampling system in laboratory,which reflected the truly burning situation of different biomass types in different regions.By the view of all these mentioned data,the typical biomass burning emission inventories,including the emission inventory of gaseous and particulate matter pollutants from biomass burning during 2003 to 2014,the emission inventory of levoglucosan from biomass burning,the biomass fuels burning emission inventory of heavy metals in PM2.5 and the emission inventory of corncob burning in China were constructed.The reliability of the emission inventories has been improved.（2）The further analysis of the multi-year emission inventory revealed that the high emission from biomass burning has spatially moved from the Sichuan Basin to the North China Plain and the Northeast China Plain during the research period.Temporally,the high emission has gradually moved from the heating season to the corn harvest season.Emissions from firewood burning and domestic straw burning have decreased by 47%and 14%in Sichuan Basin,respectively.Emissions from in-field straw burning emission in the North China Plain and the Northeast China Plain have increased by 52%and 231%respectively and the domestic straw burning emission has increased by 62%in Northeast China Plain.Rural economic level,agricultural productivity level,human and rural energy consumption level are the key driving forces for the high biomass burning emission variation.Biomass burning emission will alleviate in the North China Plain and aggravate in the Northeast China Plain.（3）The further analysis of the levoglucosan emission inventory from biomass and non-biomass burning sources revealed that the levoglucosan emission from biomass burning accounted for 73.5%of the total emissions.Non-biomass burning sources,including municipal solid waste burning（9.7%）,firework burning（9.6%）,meat cooking（5.4%）,domestic coal burning（1.5%）,ritual item burning（0.2%）and industrial coal burning（0.1%）,contributed to26.5%of the total emission.Levoglucosan emission varied spatially and temporally.Non-biomass burning sources raised a significant spatiotemporal impact on biomass burning source contributions,even in high biomass burning emission regions or in sowing,harvesting and winter heating seasons.In high biomass burning emission regions,some pixels with high levoglucosan emission intensities for biomass burning and non-biomass burning sources co-existed.It indicated that the non-biomass burning sources could result in a high impact on source identification spatially.The monthly biomass burning emission only contributed lower than 82%of total monthly emission,even in sowing,harvesting and winter seasons.The local biomass burning contributions have been substantially overestimated by 4.28%to 369%in previous studies when levoglucosan was solely referred to the biomass burning sources.By2018,levoglucosan emission from biomass burning might decrease to 63.9%of its total emission.Levoglucosan should not be used as a single tracer to identify the biomass burning emission in China.（4）Based on the heavy metals in PM2.5emission inventory from biomass fuels burning and the GEOs-Chem model,we showed that all provinces have suffered noncarcinogenic effects that were lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1.The noncarcinogenic effects in China for children and adults was lower than 2.8×10-2 and 1.5×10-2,respectively.Meanwhile,the burning of biomass fuels posed highly spatial health risk in parts of the region.It can be found that an unacceptable carcinogenic risk level(1×10-6-2.7×10-6)occurred in parts of rural areas in Shanxi,Hebei,Beijing and Henan,which should be raised enough attention. |
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