Design,Fabrication,and Thermoregulation Management Evaluation Of Smart Thermoregulatory Clothing With Defor-Mation

Since the "Twelfth Five-Year" science and technology development plan was released,the state has proposed strong support to cultivate and develop strategic emerging industries,and promote the development of intelligent manufacturing and new materials.The "14th Five-Year Plan" once again emphasizes the need to accelerate and strengthen the development of new materials and green en-vironmental protection industries.This article combines high-performance clothing design,energy-saving and environmentally friendly materials,smart wearable devices,and clothing thermal com-fort research to provide data and theoretical support for related research in the field of smart tem-perature-regulating clothing.The human body has a complete thermal regulation system to maintain thermal balance in a changing environment.However,when the environment changes too frequently or beyond the ad-justment ability of the body,human beings need to control and regulate their body heat loss by properly adjusting clothing to balance a change in the ambient climate.Otherwise,the body will be in danger of overheating or overcooling.Besides,the human body often has difficulty adapting to frequent heat and cold variations,which may result in reduced immunity.At this time,clothing plays a vital role in the thermal regulation of the human body.Nevertheless,traditional materials,such as down feather and cotton,have limited thermoregulation capacity due to their constant thermal re-sistance.In many cases,humans heavily rely on HVAC systems to help them meet thermal comfort requirements.However,the use of HVAC will cause great energy waste and greenhouse effect.Scholars in textile and clothing research fields have been committed to developing various novel materials or methods of high-performance thermal adjustment.Numerous new materials have been proposed,including the carbon-nano material,shape-memory alloys(SMAs),phase-change mate-rials(PCMs),or even textiles with biomechanical responses,or continuous sheet inflatable clothing.Despite significant progress,there remains a long-standing scientific challenge to the development of high-performance inflatable thermoregulation clothing which has a low-cost fabrication method and is eco-friendly,comfortable,and fast manufacturing.Within the last 15 years,studies on soft robotics and mechanisms have gained momentum.They mainly involve many fields related to,for example,wearable devices,medical equipment,and item grabbing.Soft robotics have better poten-tial for flexibility and human-robot interaction safety,and pneumatic actuation is one of the essential driving principles.Inspired by the idea of fluid-driven soft robotics,we here propose the design and fabrication methods for architectures of pneumatic fabrics.Present pneumatic garments use air as the "power-driven motor" by utilizing this endlessly available natural resource that just so happens to be one of the most-efficient thermal insulating substances known to science,which provides a new choice for heat-retaining apparels.Compared with the existing inflatable temperature-adjusting clothing,the textiles in current study are ergonomic and has better breathability and comfort on the premise of ensuring good thermal insulation performance.Moreover,they were fabricated at multiple scales at extremely low cost.Specifically,the main content and conclusion include the following points:(1)Design and preparation of flexible pneumatic structureFirst of all,this project established the design and preparation method of flexible aerodynamic structure.Based on the principle of static air layer insulation and the deformation inspiration of natural and man-made structures,a variety of aerodynamic deformation structures were designed and developed.They are unidirectional deformation,bidirectional deformation and integrated aero-dynamic structure,as well as surface aerodynamic structure and flexible bone aerodynamic structure derived from negative Poisson's ratio structure.Use parameterized design to optimize the design method of aerodynamic structure;at the same time,determine the optimal manufacturing parame-ters of flexible aerodynamic structure through experiments;research and compare the characteristics of silica gel materials with different parameters,and determine the final silica gel materials as Eco-flex 00-30 and Ecoflex 00-50;For the manufacture of integrated aerodynamic structures,the gap between hollow holes should not be less than 7 mm;the bonding time of silica gel pouring should be controlled between 55-65 min;finally,the choice of intermediate isolation layer materials and the potential of large-scale manufacturing of aerodynamic structures are discussed.(2)Basic performance test and characterization of inflatable temperature control structureBased on the flexible aerodynamic structure,5 kinds of inflatable temperature control struc-tures with different configurations were designed and manufactured,and typical thermal insulation materials were selected for comparison experiments.Compare the differences in the basic perfor-mance,hand-feel comfort,pressure resistance and washing resistance of inflatable temperature con-trol materials under different configurations.The research separately analyzed the results of the thickness change rate,moisture permeability,moisture regain rate,flexural rigidity,hand-feel com-fort,shape retention and durability of the inflatable temperature control structure.Studies have shown that the thickness of the inflatable temperature-regulating structure can vary up to 4-23 times;the increase of inflatable and outer fabrics has an impact on the moisture permeability of the tem-perature-regulating structure,and the larger the hollow ratio,the better the moisture permeability;the moisture regain is better than wool blended fabric The fabric is similar to the chemical fiber thermal insulation filled cotton;the results of bending stiffness and hand-feel comfort show that the high hollow ratio inflatable structure feels better than the low hollow ratio structure,and the single-layer and double-layer samples have better feel than the composite samples;The air-filled temper-ature-regulating structure has excellent pressure resistance and can resist 27 times heavier external stress;durability experiments show that the pneumatic temperature-regulating structure can be cleaned at least 100 times without damage.(3)Research on thermal and moisture comfort of inflatable temperature control structureThe thermal and humidity performance of the inflatable temperature control structure was an-alyzed and compared using the sweating thermal protection hot plate meter and the sweating warm body dummy,and the CBE Thermal Comfort online tool was used to study the temperature control ability of the inflatable structure.Finally,the Fourier Infrared spectroscopy tests the reflective and thermal insulation of materials.Studies have shown that inflation will increase the thermal insula-tion performance of the temperature control structure and reduce the moisture permeability.The specific thermal and moisture comfort of different types of inflatable temperature control samples varies,and the outer fabric will enhance the thermal insulation of the structure during inflation;Thermal resistance results show that the hollow rate of silica gel is inversely proportional to the thermal resistance;as the amount of inflation increases,the thermal resistance of the temperature-regulating structure becomes higher;before inflation,the thermal resistance of the multilayer inflat-able temperature-regulating sample remains at a very low level,But the thermal resistance is sig-nificantly increased(15 times)after inflation,which is significantly higher than that of ordinary samples.The moisture resistance change is similar to the thermal resistance.The moisture resistance of the multilayer fabric is higher than that of the single layer fabric.The thicker the fabric,the higher the moisture resistance;the hollow rate of silica gel is inversely proportional to the moisture re-sistance;controlling the hollow rate of silica gel can simultaneously achieve low humidity Re-sistance and high thermal insulation performance;different inflatable temperature-regulating struc-tures can be used in different thermal clothing designs,with flexible application possibilities;in the design of pneumatic temperature-regulating clothing,the outer fabric covering the pneumatic struc-ture should be windproof and breathable,Moisture-permeable material to reduce the increase in moisture resistance caused by inflatable;research on the change of thermal and moisture parameters of inflatable structure gives design suggestions for inflatable temperature-regulating clothing.At the same time,compared with the thermal comfort of existing inflatable temperature-regulating clothing,it is found that the thermal comfort of the inflatable temperature-regulating structure developed in this paper is better than that of the existing inflatable clothing.According to PMV-PPD model cal-culations,inflatable temperature control materials have good temperature control capabilities and energy-saving potential.The thermal comfort range covered by inflatable temperature control ma-terials is higher than that of ordinary insulation materials,which is 3-4 times that of traditional insulation materials.The standard effective temperature(SET)and thermal comfort range(TCR)analysis results found that the inflatable temperature adjustment structure can maintain the thermal comfort of the human body in a wider temperature range.(4)Design and development of smart inflation systemThe development of intelligent inflatable,deformable and temperature-adjustable clothing can-not be separated from the intelligent inflatable system.Based on the inflatable temperature-adjusting structure,this article develops a targeted intelligent control system for it.First,the theoretical basis of the intelligent inflatable system is constructed,and the relationship among the thermal insulation of clothing,work intensity and metabolism were discussed.Then the function relationship between the inflation volume and the thermal insulation performance,as well as the inflation time and the ambient temperature is established.The functional relationship construction of each parameter pro-vides a theoretical basis for the design of the intelligent inflatable system.On this basis,this article designs the program flow of the intelligent inflatable system,introduces the main component pa-rameters of the system,and designs the circuit.The intelligent inflatable system built in this chapter can realize the intelligent control and data visualization of the system.The system can adjust the inflatable amount of the intelligent inflatable clothing according to the changes of environmental temperature and humidity,and can also realize the collection and reading of the wearer's environ-mental parameters.According to the program of the inflation system,developers can freely adjust the inflation duration of the system and the activation point of temperature and humidity for infla-tion/deflation in the source code.Finally,the future development direction of the intelligent inflation system is prospected.This subject has carried out a multi-dimensional design of fluid-driven flexible structures,and constructed a design system for inflatable deformable structures;conducted in-depth research on the basic characteristics,characterization,and thermal and moisture comfort of inflatable deforma-ble temperature control materials;analyzed the inflatable performance The influence of the various parameters of the variable structure is summarized,and the law of change is summarized to provide theoretical basis and guidance for the design of the subsequent temperature-regulating clothing;the relationship between the inflation time and environmental parameters is established;the intelligent inflation system is developed.This subject combines multiple research directions such as clothing design,textile advanced materials,smart wearable devices,clothing thermal and moisture comfort,and parametric design.The research conclusions and methods provide data and theoretical support for the research and development of emerging temperature control materials and smart temperature control clothing.For smart clothing design,the research of personal thermal management systems and energy-saving and environmentally-friendly materials are of great significance.