| The 40 years’ rapid economic growth since China’s reform and opening-up has caused a series of problems such as overexploitation of coal resources,ecological damage and environmental pollution.The transformation of China’s economic development to high-quality growth needs to effectively release the bottleneck that restricts the transformation of the mining area to high-quality development,such as the single industrial structure,the fragmentation of industrial development,the inadequacy and waste of production resources caused by the mismatch of resources in the mining area.This paper is intended to propose the notion of the construction of "the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem" for solving the problems of effective allocation of production factors and ecological environment governance of mining areas through the reconstruction of the ecological system of mining and agriculture,so as to realize the unity of economic,ecological and social benefits of mining areas,and finally achieve the goal of sustainable development of mining area.Therefore,it has important theoretical value and practical significance.The mining-farming collaborative ecosystem,as a large complex system,will be dealt with by employing WSR system approach.First of all,from the perspective of "Wuli-Shili-Renli",we use metabolic analysis,the co-symbiosis analysis of mining-farming collaboration and the dynamic game analysis of the implementing subjects to explore the construction mechanism of the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem,and then,combined with the method of the system’s actual integration and construction,establish the system dynamics model,and analyze and simulate the system construction process and effect.On this basis,the system evaluation method is developed from the three aspects,that is,degree of completion of system construction,system value and management of implementing subjects.Finally,a comprehensive investigation and evaluation is made on the New Dragon’s mining-farming collaborative ecosystem,and then the government guarantee system and enterprise development strategy is put forward for the system development.This paper mainly studies the construction mechanism,theory construction,evaluation method and example analysis of the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem.(1)The metabolic mechanism is used for "Wuli" analysis,which shows that the mining and agricultural synergy is the effective method to optimize the metabolism of mining resources.Then the construction of the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem is proposed the goal of the system construction is clarified.The Logistic collaborative symbiotic model is built for"Shili" analysis.The balance point of the co-existence of the mining and the agriculture is sought,and its stability factors are analyzed so as to reveal the connotation and essence of the collaborative development of mining and the agriculture.Finally,the ""Renli" analysis is carried out by using differential equations to establish the dynamic game model of the implementing subjects.Through model solution and example analysis,it is found that under the stable conditions of government support system construction,cooperative game occurs between mining enterprises and mining farmers,the implementing subjects’ level of efforts are higher,and the system construction completion effect and the comprehensive benefits of the mining area will be much greater.(2)Integrated methods are employed to establish land reclamation and utilization subsystems,water resources ecological treatment and utilization subsystems,energy processing and utilization subsystems,ecological breeding subsystems,organic fertilizer processing and utilization subsystems,which are integrated into the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem.On this basis,the system dynamics model of each subsystem and the whole system is constructed and simulated,including the simulation of the subsystem construction process,and the illustration of the influence of each building links on the subsystem construction.The simulation of the overall construction and operation of the system clarifies the impact of each subsystem construction on the overall construction of the system.The process of system construction for increasing the economic,ecological and social benefits of mining areas is simulated to clarify the impact of system construction on the improvement of the comprehensive benefit of mining areas(3)The evaluation method of the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem is developed from the three aspects,that is,system construction,comprehensive value of system and implementing subjects’ management behavior,which are used for monitoring and evaluating the system construction.First of all,based on the SD simulation results of system construction,the system construction link is selected as the evaluation index and the weight is determined.The Jaccard coefficient model is used to evaluate the degree of system construction completion.Secondly,based on the multi-objective planning model,the evaluation of the value of the mining system is developed by the value evaluation method of the mining industry,and the economic,ecological and social benefits of the system construction are quantified.Finally,combined with the results of the implementing subjects’ dynamic game analysis,QSIM method is used to simulate the different implementation schemes of the implementing subject management behavior,and carry out pricing analysis of the implementing subjects’ behavior.Evaluation index is selected as the main content of the management behavior and decision-making evaluation of the system’s implementing subjects.The three evaluation methods developed here provide a practical means for mastering and detecting the construction level and value level of the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem,as well as the problems existing in the implementing subject management behavior.(4)Taking the New Dragon’s mining-farming collaborative ecosystem as an example,based on the review of the current situation of the system construction,we have made a comprehensive evaluation on its construction,comprehensive value and implementing subjects’management behavior.For the evaluation of system construction,the results shows that Jaccard coefficient 69.47%is obtained through model application,which verifies that the new dragon has basically completed the construction of the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem.Therefore,the system construction is realistic and feasible.For the evaluation of system value,the economic benefits,ecological benefits and service benefits of the New Dragon mining area from 2009 to 2019 are evaluated comprehensively.The data show that the total value of the system’s services in 2019 is 1,921 million Yuan.The value of regulated services and supporting services are higher,and the total value of the services of the system in 2009-2019 is gradually increased with the gradual improvement in the construction of the mining-farming collaborative system,and the construction of such system has brought the comprehensive benefit growth of the mining area.Finally,the implementing subject management behavior of the New Dragon system is evaluated,and the problems existing at the government level,the enterprise level and the implementing subjects’collaboration in the actual construction of the system are summarized.The government guarantee system and the implementation strategy of coal mining enterprises to develop the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem are put forward.This paper puts forward the construction of the mining-farming collaborative ecosystem,carrying out an in-depth study of the mechanism,method and evaluation of the system construction,which provides an important theoretical basis for the construction and development of the future mining-farming collaborative ecosystem.It also has important implications for the government and enterprises to formulate and implement appropriate systems and measures and find a way to fundamentally solve the problems of resource allocation and environmental governance so as to realize the sustainability of ecological and economic development in mining areas. |
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