Bioactive Secondary Metabolites From Two Plants

Modern agriculture is inseparable from pesticides.At present,chemical pesticides still occupy the dominant position of pesticides,but chemical pesticides have high toxicity and high environmental release rate,which not only protect crops,but also destroy the environment,and crops are easy to produce tolerance.In order to better human survival and achieve sustainable development,many scientists have taken the search for low toxicity,low residues and harmonious with the environment of biological pesticides as the development direction of pesticide research and development Botanical pesticides are an important part of them.In order to develop and utilize the natural active components scientifically,two kinds of plants with high content of agricultural active substances were selected to study the chemical constituents and biological activities of two kinds of plants with high content of agricultural active substances.In this study,26 compounds were isolated from two plants by conventional silica gel column chromatography,gel column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography.By using 1H NMR,13C NMR,EI-MS,UV,IR and other modern spectral techniques,the structures of 26 compounds were determined,including 1 new skeleton compound,9 new compounds and 16 known compounds18 compounds were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract from the roots of Echinops grijsii Hance,including a new skeleton sesquiterpene dimer,named echingridimer A,two new sesquiterpene compounds,named echingriol A and B,six new thiophenes,named echinothiophene A-F,three known sesquiterpenes,eudesmane K,nardoeudesmol A and rhaponticol,and 6 known thiophenes,arctinol-b,2-prop-1-inyl-5'-(2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl)dithiophene,6-methoxy-arctinol-b,arctinol,arctinone-b and arctinal.According to the structural characteristics of the compounds,sesquiterpenes and thiophenes were tested for aphicidal activity and nematode activity,respectively.The study on aphicidal activity showed that echingridimer A had stronger broad-spectrum aphicidal activity than its related monomer sesquiterpenes and commercial pymetrozine.These results provide scientific data for the application of DSs as the industrial insecticide to suppress aphids and will shed more light on the discovery and development of dimeric sesquiterpenoids as effective,environment-friendly botanical pesticides.Studies on nematode activity against Meloidogyne incognita showed that most thiophenes showed stronger nematicidal and antifungal activity than commercial nematicidal and fungicides.In addition,non-phototoxic thiophenes were identified as echinothiophene D-F,arctinol-b,2-prop-1-inyl-5'-(2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl)dithiophene,6-methoxy-arctinol-b,arctinol.The analysis of the relationship between structure and non-phototoxic activity revealed the chemical modification sites and groups that increased dark activity and reduced phototoxicity.The discovery of nonphototoxic thiophenes and elucidation of SAR provide important information for the exploitation and utilization of thiophenes in the integrative management regarding disease complexes caused by the combination of root-knot nematode and soil-borne fungi.A new rare monoterpene coumarin,named ferusinkin A,and its two known analogues,diversin and auraptene,two simple coumarin umbelliferone and herniarin,2 sesquiterpenes,nerolidol and guaiol,together with 1 phenylpropanoids were isolated and identified from the abandoned parts of Ferula sinkiangensis.The bioactivity test showed that some compounds had different degrees of contact activity,cytotoxicity and antifungal activity against different plant pathogenic fungi.Among them,nerolidol showed the best insecticidal and antifungal activities.The results provide new botanical compounds for agricultural pesticides and fungicides,and provide a new way for the reuse of abandoned parts of F.sinkiangensis.The results of this paper provide a new structural type of leading compounds for the creation of botanical pesticides,and provide a scientific summary of structure-activity relationship for the development of new pesticides by analogy synthesis or biological rationality design.The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of plant resources.