INTERPROVINCIAL MIGRATION IN INDONESIA: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

There are two kinds of interprovincial migration in Indonesia: government-sponsored migration (transmigration) and voluntary/spontaneous migration. The purpose of this study is to examine how far each of the variables of the Todaro migration model and its extended version affected the voluntary migration in Indonesia in 1971. This study also takes into account the effects of those variables on both the male and the female migrations separately.; This study highlights the incorporation of two typical variables into the interprovincial migration models in addition to the seven economic, demographic/institutional, and educational variables. The two variables typical of migration in Indonesia are the entrepreneurship of migrants from a province and the number of transmigrants in a province. The importance of incorporating these two unique variables into the interprovincial migration models, lies in the empirical evidence that the effects of the variables under study could not be revealed without the inclusion of those two unique variables.; The empirical analysis of the study is represented by the analysis of the data mainly drawn from the 1971 Population Census of Indonesia, using the multiple regression models with the combined functional forms for the general migration rate, for the male migration rate, and for the female migration rate. The empirical results indicate that the transmigrants constituted a significant pull factor for the Indonesian migrants in general and for the male migrants as well as the female migrants in particular, whereas the entrepreneurship of migrants served as a significant push factor only for the migrants in general and the male migrants in particular, but not for the female migrants. While the other significant pull factor was the degree of urbanization, especially for the female migrants, the other push factors were the population density, the education, the agricultural poverty (except for the female migrants), and the cost of living in an urban informal sector (except for the female migrants).; In terms of policy implications, the findings suggest that the transmigration policy should be continued as one of the efforts to generate more voluntary migration. The other efforts are to train potential migrants to be entrepreneurs and to motivate them to get education as high as possible. All these efforts should be integrated with plans for regional development both in the short-run (cash crop cultivation) and in the long-run (urbanization).