| Nausea and vomiting are two of the major side effects caused by certain drug therapies, e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and general anesthesia. Because of the nature of the symptoms, oral delivery is inappropriate, while intravenous administration may be impractical. The aim of the present study was to develop a transdermal gel (2% KlucelRTM) for Ondansetron, a first-line 5-HT3-receptor-antagonist antiemetic. Six penetration enhancers (Transcutol, Capryol, propylene glycol, oleic acid, camphor, and isopropyl myristate) with diverse enhancing properties were selected. Sixteen different gel formulations were developed using different concentration and combination of these penetration enhancer. Permeability studies were conducted with modified Franz diffusion cells at 37°C and cellulose membrane or excised porcine ear skin as the diffusion barrier. The receiving solution was Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4). Samples were collected for... |
