| Neurofeedback (NF) is gaining recognition as an evidence-based intervention grounded in learning theory, and 19-channel z-score neurofeedback (19ZNF) is a new NF model. Peer-reviewed literature is lacking regarding empirical-based evaluation of 19ZNF. The purpose of this quantitative research study was to evaluate the efficacy of 19ZNF, in a clinical setting, using archival data from a Southwest NF practice, with a retrospective one-group pretest-posttest design. Each of the outcome measures framed a group such that 19ZNF was evaluated, as it relates to the particular neuropsychological constructs of attention (n = 10), behavior (n = 14), executive function (n = 12), as well as electrocortical functioning ( n = 21). The research questions asked if 19ZNF improves these constructs. One-tailed t tests performed, compared pre-post scores for included clinical assessment scales, and selected quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) metrics. For all pre-post comparisons, the direction of change was in the predicted direction. Moreover, for all outcome measures, the group means were beyond the clinically significant threshold before 19ZNF, and no longer clinically significant after 19ZNF. All differences were statistically significant, with results ranging from p = .000 to p = .008; and effect sizes ranging from 1.29 to 3.42. Results suggest 19ZNF improved attention, behavior, executive function, and electrocortical function. This study provides beginning evidence of 19ZNF's efficacy, adds to what is known about 19ZNF, and offers an innovative approach for using QEEG metrics as outcome measures. These results may lead to a greater acceptance of 19ZNF, as well as foster needed additional scientific research.;Keywords: Neurofeedback, QEEG, z-score neurofeedback, 19ZNF, EEG biofeedback. |
