Sierpinski fractal antennas

To satisfy rapidly growing public services in communication systems demands more complex and sophisticated systems along with more operating frequency bands. Recently, fractal geometries have been applied to antenna design to make small, multiband, and broadband antennas.; Microstrip patch antennas are miniaturized using a modified Sierpinski carpet fractal geometry and it is compared with the conventional rectangular patch antenna. As a result, a 2.184 GHz square Sierpinski patch is about 17.43% smaller than the conventional 2.184 GHz square patch antenna with the same material.; Three different sizes of microstrip patch antennas are stacked in two layers with the Sierpinski carpet shape to achieve multiband frequency operation and miniaturization. The results show improved bandwidth and 1/3 of volume compared to the single layer Sierpinski fractal patch array.; Modified parany gasket monopoles with a printed ground plane and its truncated versions are studied. The monopole antennas maintain multi-frequency operating bands; and due to the printed ground plane, the overall volume is smaller than that of a monopole that uses a conventional metal ground plane perpendicular to the antenna. Also, the flare angle of the proposed antennas is changed from 60° to 90° and 30° to study allocation of the operating bands. The results suggest that changing the flare angle is one way to control the position of multiple bands.