A meta-analysis of the effects of exercise training and physical activity on health-related physical fitness, cognitive and physical functioning, and behavior of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive disorders

The meta-analysis of forty-two identified, primary investigations that researched the effects of exercise training and physical activity on selected fitness and functional parameters showed that there was a significant improvement in health-related fitness components, cognitive and physical functioning, and behavior among older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ES > 0.80; ES = 0.99, SD = 0.40). Findings from this meta-analysis support and extend the findings of previous research that showed some promising evidence of the role of physical activity for the health and well-being of persons affected by Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive disorders. The extent to which persons with Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive impairments exhibit significant functional and cognitive benefits due to participation in an exercise program is still uncertain. Study limitations. Primary studies had small sample sizes, short-term designs, and lack of reported detailed information about the exercise program. Recommendations. Future research is needed to precisely determine the efficacy of exercise on individuals with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. In addition, future research needs to address methodological weakness found in the literature.