| Since vision is the primary perceptual source of human knowledge and experience, verbs of visual perception provide a rich source for exploring patterns of semantic extension. This study examines verbs of visual perception in American Sign Language, focusing on the structure of this semantic domain, the meaning extensions in which they participate, and their grammaticization into expressions of subjectivity. The project was conducted within the theoretical frameworks of functional grammar and cognitive semantics, using data from videotaped conversation and narrative, interviews, and dictionaries.;There are three prototypical categories of visual perception: physical perception, visual experience, and activity. In ASL, the sign of visual perception is distinguished from the others by its intransitivity, while the latter two are distinguished from each other on the semantic basis of intentionality which is linked to the formal difference of palm orientation.;Looking at polysemy and meaning extension, the study focuses on the implications of signed language modality for the grammar of the language. The sign modality gives signers the freedom to use their entire body and the physical space that surrounds them to alter meanings of signs through morphological processes, indicating such grammatical notions as duration, plurality, and speaker attitude. ASI, signs tend to be multimorphemic, and as in other polysynthetic languages, semantic extension is most frequently accomplished by morphological elaboration rather than by polysemy. The modality of ASL also has ramifications for syntax which are discussed.;The study describes the use of spatial and visual metaphors related to verbs of visual perception in ASI, and the relationship of iconicity and metonymy in the semantics of the language. It also demonstrates that the verb meaning to see in ASL is recruited by signers for evaluative purposes. As in spoken languages (Langacker 1990, Bybee 1994, Lyons 1995, Verhagen 1995, and Scheibman 2000), grammaticization of signs in ASL is motivated by frequency and linked to the development of subjective expression. The role of sociolinguistic and historic factors in diachronic patterns of change is also closely examined.;The study concludes with suggestions regarding the practical implications of the findings for second language teachers and learners. |
