Non-legal influences on individual voting and decisional outcomes in K-12 sex discrimination in employment claims in United States Courts of Appeal: 1964-2013

This investigation examined K-12 gender discrimination education in the workplace and litigations arising through the United States Court of Appeals between the years of 1964 and 2013 through Equal Protection, Title VII and Title IX claims. This investigation consisted of judges individual voting decisions and panel effects on the United States Court of Appeals and their relationship to judge level characteristics (party affiliation, judge gender, plaintiff gender, decision date and appointment era), and panel composition in cases brought pursuant to Equal Protection, Title VII and Title IX K-12 gender discrimination decisions during the years of 1964-2013. This study attempts to fill a gap in the research focusing on K-12 gender discrimination in employment rulings in the United States Courts of Appeals.;Results of this investigation found that when looking at the individual votes of the judges' appointment era did show significance in the voting decision of the judge. When investigating the panel composition of the judges only the appointment era showed significance in panel decision.