The genesis of the Chicago Renaissance: The writings of Theodore Dreiser, Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, and James T. Farrell

This study examines the genesis of Chicago's two identified literary renaissance periods (1890--1920) and (1930--1950) through the writings of Theodore Dreiser, Langston Hughes, Richard Wright, and James Farrell. A historical overview of the primary social, political, and cultural events of the city is given to explain how Chicago became a dominant literary center. Discussion of how the two renaissance periods emerged includes the view that such a distinction limits the true interpretation of Chicago's literary influence. A historical and biographical analysis of Chicago's influence in the works by Dreiser, Hughes, Wright, and Farrell is given along with an inter-textual analysis of these writers' influence on each other in the development of their works. The relationship of these four writers demonstrates an important connection that demonstrates a continuity of thought between the two renaissance periods. The first period, often associated with the rise of realism, naturalism, and the new poetry movement is best represented by the works of Dreiser and Hughes The second renaissance period often represented by the rise of African American and ethnic literature is best reflected by the works of Wright and Farrell. By noting the aesthetic patterns among these writers, it is possible to establish links between the periods. Patterns such as the rise of the city novel, the development of urban realism, and the shift from traditional literary aesthetics are identified as being significant connections between the two periods. Although Dreiser, Wright, and Farrell are often associated with Chicago, this study also argues that the writings of Langston Hughes serve as the transition between the two periods. In this study, Hughes is identified as a pivotal Chicago writer. The conclusion argues that the Chicago Renaissance periods contributed significantly to the development of American Literature. This study demonstrates the influence of Chicago writing on American literary traditions in such areas as realism, naturalism, proletarian, and ethnic fiction.