Verbal and nonverbal expressions of negative self-relevant emotion and parasuicide in women with borderline personality disorder

This study explored the possible incongruencies between nonverbal and verbal expressions of negative self-relevant emotions demonstrated by women with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) while they were discussing their own parasuicidal acts. Also analyzed were the possible mediating effects of shame and contempt in the relationship between anger and severity and intent of parasuicide. Subjects were 58 participants (ages 18 to 45 years old) in an NIMH-funded treatment outcome research study that examined the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in treating BPD and parasuicidal behaviors (ROI MH34486). Data collection of nonverbal expressions of negative emotion was accomplished using the Facial Action Coding System (Ekman & Friesen, 1978). Coding of verbal expressions of negative emotion was accomplished using the Special Affect Coding System (Gottman, 1994). Outcome variables of intent and severity were measured using the Parasuicide/Suicide History Interview. Incongruencies were found between the verbal and nonverbal expression of negative self-relevant emotions (anger, shame, contempt and sadness) when measured at the same moment in time. However, no significant mediating effects of shame or contempt were found to affect the relationship between anger and the severity or intent of parasuicide.