A Contrastive Study Of The Negative Expressions Between Chinese And Indonesian

Utilizing the theories of Functional Linguistics,Semantics,and Cognitive Linguistics,and referring to the ontological studies of negation from related literature in Chinese and Indonesian,this dissertation makes a detailed description about common and special characters of Chinese and Indonesian negative expressions with comparative analysis method,and it also explains the rules and mechanism of the negative expressions to a certain extent.The dissertation consists of seven chapters:The first chapter presents the purpose and significance of this dissertation to establish the scope and methodologies.The second chapter is the introduction of negation.Reviewing of related literature about ontological research in the two languages,this chapter focuses on analyzing the similarities and differences between Chinese and Indonesian negative expressions at the macro level.The third chapter compares the relationships between negative expressions with verb,tense,and aspect in the two different languages starting from the negation of verbs in Chinese and Indonesian.It can effectively help us to understand the corresponding relation between "tidak" in Indonesian with "mei" and "bu" in Chinese with the inspection from the realis and irrealis category,regarding the reflection of these two opposite concepts in Chinese negative expressions is "mei" and "bu".Taking the negation of nouns and adjectives in Chinese and Indonesian as the research object,the fourth chapter discusses the inherent characteristics and mechanism of the structures which cannot be negated.This chapter also analyses the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic features of "bu + NP" structure in Chinese and "belum NP"structure in Indonesian.In this chapter,we discuss the effect of adjective classification and various types of semantic features to the possibility and the tendency of the adjective being negated as well.In addition,we compare the similarities and differences about the strengthening and weakening expressions of adjective negative structures in Chinese and Indonesian.Selecting NPI adverbs and negative reinforcement form with " ?/se + classifier+ NP" as the comparison objects,chapter 5 focuses on comparing the Chinese and Indonesian negative polarity items(NPI),and probing the similarities and differences of Chinese and Indonesian NPI in the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic aspects.In terms of semantic features,the purpose of emphasizing the negative aspects in Chinese and Indonesian by NPI reflects the similarities of human understanding about the real world and the mechanism of regular expressions.In the syntactic distribution and combination,some differences still exist.The sixth chapter focuses on the unique negative structures in the two languages,such as:the negative form of dynamic complement structure in Chinese and the reduplication form of negative adverbs in Indonesian.We investigate the external features and explore the intrinsic motivation as well.The last chapter summarizes the main contents,concludes the prominent and shortcomings in this paper,and puts forward the worthy further topics in the future.This dissertation is an attempt on comparing negative expressions in Chinese and Indonesian.We select several comparative items with the purpose of solving the problems in teaching practice.Since it is a preliminary attempt,and considering the lack of research about negation in the Indonesian language,this dissertation is not quite deep enough.There are still many problems not involved,such as the contrast of focus and the scope in negation,the relationship between negation and interrogation,and so on.These will be the topics that we keep exploring in the future.