| A detailed examination of cone penetration testing in sands, clays, and intermediate soils (silty-sands, silts, clayey-sands, etc.) is presented. Effects of drainage condition on cone penetration testing in intermediate soils are evaluated through centrifuge experiments and numerical modeling of cone penetration as a cavity expansion process. A modified version of the MIT-S1 model is presented and its implementation into the commercial program FLAC (Itasca) is discussed and verified. Frameworks for estimating drained and undrained penetration resistances from cylindrical cavity expansion analyses with the modified MIT-S1 model are then presented and verified against available experimental data. These frameworks are subsequently used to evaluate a state-normalization of cone penetration resistances in sands with fines. Clean sand corrections in terms of the state parameter are presented and the effects of initial state parameter and drainage condition on these correction factors are evaluated. Finally, liquefaction triggering curves of sands with fines are developed and compared to previously published relationships. |
