Effectiveness of a program using a vehicle tracking system, incentives, and disincentives to reduce the speeding behavior of drivers with ADHD

This study examined the effectiveness of a program using feedback from a Global Positioning System (GPS) vehicle tracking system coupled with contingency incentives and disincentives to reduce the speeding behavior of drivers with ADHD who were on medication to control ADHD symptoms. Each participant drove an individually agreed upon 5-mile Stable Driving Route (SDR) five times per week. The GPS tracking system tracked participants' routes and recorded speeds at which the vehicles traveled. The dependent variable was percentage of feet speeding (i.e., number of feet speeding divided by number of feet in the SDR). Seven participants were recruited. One dropped out before data collection began. The six remaining participants were randomly assigned by enrollment to a multiple baseline AB design. Five of the six (P1, P3, P4, P5, & P6) received no treatment during a staggered baseline phase (Phase A) and received feedback coupled with incentives and disincentives during the treatment phase (Phase B). GPS-monitored speeding behavior on the SDR formed the basis for providing feedback and conferring incentives or disincentives during Phase B. One participant (P7) remained in baseline throughout the eight weeks. A C-statistic analysis of P3, P4, and P5 data found a significant trend after treatment (p < .001), with no trend in baseline. P1 had a significant trend in treatment and baseline (p < .01). Visual graphics with an applied binomial formula found a significant change in behavior (p < .001) for P1 despite his baseline trend, as well as a significant change (p < .001) in behavior for P3, P4, and P5. P6 and P7 did not have enough treatment data points for statistical analysis. However, weekly levels of speeding dropped from a mean of 71% to 4% for P6, and from 81% to 0% for P7. Visual inspection of all participant graphs and similar drops in mean percentages of speeding from baseline to treatment across participants (M = 82%) is highly suggestive of a treatment effect. A between participants analysis using the R n Test of Ranks was significant with Rn = 6, p < .01, and complemented a clean multiple baseline result.