Evaluation of the LifeSavers high school, peer-support, suicide and crisis-prevention training program

Among adolescents, suicide is the third leading cause of death, preceded only by accidents and homicides (Anderson & Smith, 2005; Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2005; Hoyert, Kung, & Smith, 2005). The heightened risk of depression and suicide during the transitory developmental period of adolescence highlights the importance of comprehensive intervention and prevention efforts that target risk factors and suicidal behaviors. Yet, few suicide prevention programs have been systematically evaluated for immediate or long-term efficacy or effectiveness (CASP, 2005). Given that most youth with suicidal ideation confide in their peers before going to an adult (Gallup Organization, 1991; Kalafat, 2003; McEvoy & McEvoy, 1994; Patros & Shamoo, 1989), prevention efforts that involve peer resources are essential. Peer-helpers offer a cost-effective method of providing support, early identification, and referrals to high-risk students who may otherwise go unnoticed (McEvoy & McEvoy, 1994).;The current study evaluated the efficacy of an adolescent peer-helper training program located in Southern Illinois, LifeSavers. Results of the current study revealed that the program enhanced suicide intervention responses and knowledge among high school-aged youth. Furthermore, the results indicated that the LifeSavers program did not positively or negatively influence adaptive attributes among participants. The LifeSavers program also did not significantly affect participants' attitudes towards the suicide of an adolescent. All results remained stable even when controlling for baseline pretest scores and at a 4 to 5-month follow-up. Additional qualitative analyses suggest that the training positively impacted participants by providing a life-changing experience, self-enhancement, relationship enhancement, and increased helping skills and suicide knowledge. Overall, the results of the current study add to the suicide prevention literature by providing support for the inclusion of peer-helper training programs in suicide prevention efforts.