| Children of incarcerated parents are an understudied population. Most of literature has used informants such as the caregiver or even the imprisoned parent to gather clinical information, rather than garnering the children's viewpoints firsthand (Bloom, 1995; Fritsch & Burkhead, 1981; Gabel, 1992b; Johnston, 1995; Sack, Seidler, & Thomas, 1976). This investigation examined psychological adjustment in a sample of 47 participants between the ages of 9 and 15 who had an imprisoned parent. Information including (a) the extent and quality of the relationship with their incarcerated parent, (b) variables associated with the separation, and (c) protective factors were investigated in an exploratory manner. Each participant completed a series of psychological measures including the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-Second Edition, Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale, Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale-Second Edition, Coping Strategies Checklist-Revised, and a Child Survey. Results revealed significant differences between the participants and the normative sample on measures of emotional symptoms, clinical depression, school maladjustment, behavioral problems, and personal adjustment, but not on measures of global self-concept or social stress. However, the mean scores across all measures of psychopathology were comparable to the normative sample. Despite predictions, the participants did not differ based upon the parental status of the inmate. In contrast, significant differences were evident based upon the length of separation from the incarcerated parent. Those with longer separation periods tended to display higher maladjustment at school. Moreover, while avoidant strategies were most frequently used, the participants did not display a unique pattern of coping styles. These findings were not conclusive. Instead, this investigation will stimulate research and serve as a direction for future investigations on this hidden population. Irrespective of environmental adversity, protective factors may mitigate negative outcomes. The culture of the community and the role of external influences, such as having support networks and remaining in contact with an incarcerated parent, may lessen the detriment of having a parent in prison. A closer look at how these children function in educational and peer settings is warranted. Continued investigation of resiliency is a top priority. |
