Evaluating pesticide use, exposure, and health risks for vector control activities in the Gambia

Pesticide-related health risks are a significant public health concern in developing nations that is complicated by the important role pesticides play in controlling vectorborne diseases. This study aimed to evaluate pesticide use, exposure, and health risks for vector control activities in The Gambia. This study analyzed the chemical composition of vector control pesticides being sold in local markets to identify the types of pesticides in circulation. The results showed that 42.8% of the pesticides identified contained pesticide components banned or restricted in the United States. Results from interviewing 46 pesticide vendors at the major street markets showed that vendors often sell pesticides unlabeled and without explanation of proper use or health risks to customers.;Vector control workers are responsible for controlling vector-borne diseases throughout Africa. There have been no studies in West Africa investigating the pesticide exposure risks of vector control workers. This study interviewed 56 government and private vector control workers using in-depth questionnaires to understand the knowledge, behaviors, and potential exposure risks among the workers. Worker exposure assessment studies measured high levels of pesticide exposure and observed improper use of personal protective equipment.;To better understand the use of vector control pesticides in the community, a comprehensive nationwide survey of 569 households was conducted using in-depth questionnaires. Primary reasons for pesticide use included mosquito control and home pests. Most community members exhibited a lack of knowledge regarding safety and proper use of pesticides. Alternatives for vector control that would decrease the need for toxic pesticides were also investigated. An impregnated netting intervention in cattle fencing showed some effect on decreasing mosquito and fly populations. A native plant (Hyptis suaveolens) used by locals to repel malaria vectors was tested and did not show signs of decreasing mosquito populations.;Across all populations in The Gambia high risk behaviors were reported suggesting the need for widespread pesticide safety programs targeting not only vector control workers, but also the general community. The results of this study will contribute to the development of new pesticide policies and educational programs in The Gambia.